Cinderella vs. Danielle de Barbarac Essay -- essays research papers

Cinderella vs. Danielle de Barbarac   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout history, women have been portrayed as the weaker sex. Truthfully, many women are just as physically and emotionally strong as men. Cinderella’s strengths have been shown in the movies Ever After and Cinderella. In Ever After, a woman lost the only person that she ever really loved, but later found true love through the hardships of her lonely life. In Cinderella, a woman eventually found the love that she had always dreamed of throughout her slave-driven life. In both versions of this classic tale, Cinderella is strong, self-reliant, and fearless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cinderella’s true strength was shown in Ever After and Cinderella. One major part in both versions is that Cinderella attends the Prince’s ball alone. In Ever After, Danielle was persuaded by all of her friends to go to the ball, against her stepmother’s wishes, in order to tell the Prince that she is really a peasant girl. She was only pretending to be a countess to save a friend’s life. Danielle’s friend, Leonardo DaVinci, finally said to her, â€Å"If you don’t go, the Baroness wins,† (Tennant). This changed Danielle’s attitude because she was not about to let her stepmother win. In Cinderella, Cinderella just wanted to go to the ball because she had always dreamed of it. The Prince’s invitation said that every girl in the kingdom was allowed to come to the ball, so Cinderella thought that she was going to be able to go too. Aft...

How Osmosis Affects A Potato Chip Essay -- GCSE Biology Osmosis Course

How Osmosis Affects A Potato Aim: - To See How Osmosis Affects A Potato Preliminary work Prediction: -I predict that the weight of the potato in the sugar solution will decrease and the weight of water will increase. I predict that the weight of the potato in the sugar solution will decrease when it reaches 3:1 (salt: water). In put Variables: -Molarity -Size of potato -Mass of Water -Molarity of Sugar -Length of time in the solution -Temperature of water Out put variables: -Weight of potato Key variables: -Molarity of sugar. This is a key variable because it has the most effective outcome because osmosis only works when there are different molarities in and outside of the potato other wise the diffusion theory of osmosis wont work. We are going to keep a fair test by: - Keeping all the volume of water the same in each test tube - Keeping the starting weight of the potato the same to begin with - When removing the excess water of the potato make sure all excess water is removed but without squeezing any water out of the potato - Keeping the temperature of the water the same - Use the same type of potato (grown from the same potato) We will keep the experiment safe by making sure that all the test tube racks are in a suitable position so they wont easterly be knocked over. Preliminary results --------------------------------------------- Sugar Water Time left in 0.44g 0.44 Start 0.43g 0.44 5mins 0.42g 0.45 10mins 0.49g 0.46 15mins 0.38g 0.46 20mins --------------------------------------------- The table above shows the weight of the potato. Prediction I predict that the weight of the potato in the sugar solution will go down and the weight of the water will decrease because the water molecules in the sugar solution are small enough to diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane in the potato is the high concentration of water and water will only go through from a high concentration to a low concentration of water. Water goes into a potato sample because there is a higher concentration of water out side the potato than inside of the potato and water will go from a high concentration to a low concentration therefore the water will go into the potato and... ... to be sure to show a constant pattern. We didn't have any anomalous results maybe because we mad sure that we left each potato in the solution an equal amount of time. Also when we removed access water we were very careful not to squeeze any water out of the potato other wise it would of made it an unfair test. To improve reliability and accuracy next time in the prim nary plan I would make sure that my prediction was detailed so I would understand everything much clearer in order to get a better set of results. Also the preliminary experiment next time will be a lot more accurate in the way that we should take more care in time that the potato is left in the solution for how ever long of a time it should be left in. The main plan could be longer and in more detail so that it is more clear to read and understand. The amount of results that we got was just about enough to work out and see weather the prediction was correct. This means that next time we should do more sets of results to get a more accurate outcome. To help back up this experiment we could use more chats of graphs showing rate of osmosis in time and other ways of showing how osmosis affects a potato.

Human Suffering: Preventing Humans From Achieving True Happiness Essay

There is a very commonly held belief that life is difficult. More to the point, life consists of a lot of suffering. It is common to hear comments such as, life is a constant struggle, life is an uphill battle, a never-ending fight. These comments raise many questions about the nature, or even the very existence of absolute happiness. Is it possible for a human being to ever achieve complete happiness? Answering this question completely is impossible because humans are very complex and each one of us has a different definition of happiness. Sigmund Freud took a different approach to the question of human happiness. In an excerpt from his book, which is titled Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud identified what he felt were the three main sources of human suffering. He says â€Å"...the three sources from which our suffering comes: the superior power of nature, the feebleness of our bodies and the inadequacies of the regulations which adjust the mutual relationships of human being in the family, the state and society† (Zwann, Junyk, & Zielinski, 2010). That is to say that Freud identified the origins of human suffering in rejecting and controlling our natural human instincts, the limitations of our human bodies, and the conflict between being true to ourselves and being a civilized individual. Furthermore, Freud was of the opinion that though we eventually accept, though are dissatisfied with the first two components of struggling, we are constantly at war with ourselves due to the last attribute. I find that I can agree with Freud on quite a few topics in his discussion, but that a lot of questions are ultimately raised from his thoughts. I plan on discussing and addressing all of these issues in this paper. Let us take a loo... ...ence with hardly a moment's notice. Suffering also arises in the knowledge of our own mortality and our physical limitations. The human being is well aware that the body will one day fail in one way or another. Finally, there is the suffering that comes from the struggle between the individual existence trying to fit with the existence of civilization. Due to the fact that human beings require social connections for both protection and emotional support, the formation of societies and civilizations is inevitable. Human suffering is ultimately an unavoidable aspect of life. Works Cited taboo. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Web. 23 November 23, 2014. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/taboo Zwann, V., Junyk, I., & Zielinski, G. (Ed.). (2010). Cust 1000Y Introduction to the study of modern culture. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc Human Suffering: Preventing Humans From Achieving True Happiness Essay There is a very commonly held belief that life is difficult. More to the point, life consists of a lot of suffering. It is common to hear comments such as, life is a constant struggle, life is an uphill battle, a never-ending fight. These comments raise many questions about the nature, or even the very existence of absolute happiness. Is it possible for a human being to ever achieve complete happiness? Answering this question completely is impossible because humans are very complex and each one of us has a different definition of happiness. Sigmund Freud took a different approach to the question of human happiness. In an excerpt from his book, which is titled Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud identified what he felt were the three main sources of human suffering. He says â€Å"...the three sources from which our suffering comes: the superior power of nature, the feebleness of our bodies and the inadequacies of the regulations which adjust the mutual relationships of human being in the family, the state and society† (Zwann, Junyk, & Zielinski, 2010). That is to say that Freud identified the origins of human suffering in rejecting and controlling our natural human instincts, the limitations of our human bodies, and the conflict between being true to ourselves and being a civilized individual. Furthermore, Freud was of the opinion that though we eventually accept, though are dissatisfied with the first two components of struggling, we are constantly at war with ourselves due to the last attribute. I find that I can agree with Freud on quite a few topics in his discussion, but that a lot of questions are ultimately raised from his thoughts. I plan on discussing and addressing all of these issues in this paper. Let us take a loo... ...ence with hardly a moment's notice. Suffering also arises in the knowledge of our own mortality and our physical limitations. The human being is well aware that the body will one day fail in one way or another. Finally, there is the suffering that comes from the struggle between the individual existence trying to fit with the existence of civilization. Due to the fact that human beings require social connections for both protection and emotional support, the formation of societies and civilizations is inevitable. Human suffering is ultimately an unavoidable aspect of life. Works Cited taboo. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Web. 23 November 23, 2014. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/taboo Zwann, V., Junyk, I., & Zielinski, G. (Ed.). (2010). Cust 1000Y Introduction to the study of modern culture. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

[pic] OBSTETRICS POSTING CASE WRITE-UP PREGNANCY INDUCE HYPERTENSION Name: Muhammad Azraie B. Mat Ali Matrix Number: 1090265 Patient Identification Name: Nur Asilah Bt. Johari Age: 23 year old Race: Malay Sex: Female Address: Taman Raja Abdullah Occupation: Student D. O. A. : 13 March 2013 I/C: 900208035442 LMP: 27 June 2012 – sure of date – not on breast feeding – not on contraceptive – regular menses POA: 37/52 EDD: 4 April 2013 Chief Complaint(s) This is a referred case from Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Raja Abdullah for high blood pressure during regular ante-natal check-up for 1 day duration.History Of Presenting Illness Patient was apparently well until 1 day ago when she was diagnosed to have high blood pressure during her regular antenatal check-up at Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Raja Abdullah. She was normotensive throughout the antenatal check-up before until yesterday when the doctor noticed that her blood pressure was high which was 170/100 mmHg for three time consecutively. She denied of having an essential hypertension before and no positive family history of hypertension.On further questioning, she had headache, otherwise she not had any sign and symtoms of impending eclampsia such as blurring of vision, vomiting, epigastric pain and syncope prior to the admission. She claimed the first episode of headache was during last antenatal check up where she was diagnosed to have high blood pressure. History Of Presenting Pregnancy Pregnancy was suspected when she missed her menses for 4/52. It was confirmed by doing urine pregnancy test (UPT) at private clinic. At that time, no early ultrasound was done.She claimed that she experienced symptoms of early pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting and headache that last until 20/52 POA. Booking was done during 13/52 POA at Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Raja Abdullah. At that time, blood and urine investigation was done. Her blood pressure at that time was 112/70 mmHg. Blood group was O positive and VDRL was non-reactive. Urine investigations also normal. She attended all the ante-natal clinic regularly and all was uneventful. Symphyseal-fundal height was correspond to the date throughout the check-up.She was also normotensive throughout the visit until the last visit when her blood pressure was rise up. Quickening was felt at 20/52 POA and it was increasing in the frequency and intensity. Past Obstetric History She married in year 2011 at the age of 21 and this is her first pregnancy. Past Gynaecology History She attained menarche at the age of 13. She had a regular menses flow of 5 to 6 days duration with 28 to 30 days per cycle. It peaks on day 2 with no history of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. She denied of having any history of intermenstrual bleed and post-coital bleed.She not practicing any method of contraceptive and no pap smear was done before. Systemic Review Systemic review was unremarkable. She had no heart disease symptoms that can cause by hypertension, no headache, n o nausea and vomiting, and also no blurring of vision. Past Medical and Surgical History This is her first admission to the hospital. There was no history of asthma, essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease in this patient. He denied of having any surgical intervention before. Family History All of her siblings were in good health.There was no history of twin or congenital abnormalities in her family. Both of her parents are still alive and in good health. Social And Personal History She live with her husband at Taman Jalan Abdullah. She is a student,and she denied smoking and consume alcohol. Her husband also a student, non smoker and not consume alcohol. Diet And Drug History There was no known drug and food allergies. Summary My patient, a 23 year old lady primigravida at 37/52 POA was admitted due to increased blood pressure during ante-natal check-up which was symptomatic. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION General Examination:The patient was lying supine comfortably suppo rted with one pillow. She was not in pain and not in respiratory distress. She is a medium built woman with clinically adequate nutritional and hydrational status. There was no gross deformity and skin colour changes in this patient. No attachment of iv branula on her limbs. Vital Signs: Blood pressure: 140/88 mmHg Pulse: 96 beats per minute. Regular rhythm and good volume. Temperature: 37oC Respiratory rate: 20 breaths per minute General Systemic Examination: Hand: The palm was warm and moist. The palmar creases was pink/not pale.No palmar erythema. No peripheral cyanosis and clubbing. Head and Neck: No jaundice and the conjunctiva was pink. Oral hygiene was good, no central cyanosis and the tonsil was not injected. Lower Limb: There was no ankle edema. Per Abdomen Examination: The abdomen was distended with gravid uterus as evidence of linea nigra and striae gravidarum. The umbilicus was centrally located and flat. No dilated veins and surgical scar. Abdomen was soft and non-tende r. Clinial fundus correspond to 38 weeks of gestation. Symphyseal-fundal height was 36 cm, which was corresponding to date.It was a singleton baby. Longitudinal lie with cephalic presentation and fetal back was at mother's left. The fetal head was not engaged. Liquor was clinically adequate. Fetal heart sound was heard. Examination Of Other System i. Cardiovascular System – apex beat was located at the left 4th intercostal space, lateral to the mid-clavicular line. – Both heart sound was present, and no additional sound. ii. Respiratory System – Air entry was normal and equal both sided. No additional sound was present. iii. Central Nervous System – All motor and sensory was grossly intact.Reflexes was normal. Summary: The patient, 23 year old primigravida at 37/52 POA, was examined and showed high blood pressure. All the reflexes were normal. Other system was normal. _____________________________________________________________________ Problem List: i. P rimigravida ii. High blood pressure INVESTIGATION 1. Urine Analysis ( 24 Hr Urine Protein ) To look any presence of protein in the urine to exclude pre-eclampsia and to assess the severity of the proteinuria quantitatively. Result : Negative finding. Interpretation : No proteinuria in this patient. 2. Full Blood CountTo assess haemoglobin and platelet count in this patient. Result : WBC9. 79Ãâ€"109/L Hb13. 2g/dL Plt270x109/L Interpretation : All parameters shows no abnormalities. 3. Renal Function Test To assess glomerular and tubular function of the kidney. Result : Sodium135 mmol/L Potassium4. 0 mmol/L Urea3. 0 mmol/L Interpretation : All parameters shows no abnormalities. 4. Liver Function Test To assess the level of aminotransferases and protein level especially albumin level Result : ALP134 ALT11 Bilirubin4 Total protein64 Albumin34 Interpretation : No abnormalities. 5. UltrasoundTo assess fetal condition, look for placenta pathology Result : BPD90. 6 mm36W5D FL64. 0mm37W6D HC 328 mm37W2D EBW2. 40 – 2. 60 kg Placenta : Fundal grade III Interpretation : Normal Amniotic Fluid Index : To assess the amniotic fluid volume ( poly-, normal, or oligohydramnios ) Result : 12. 0 PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS Gestational Hypertension Evidence: †¢ History – increased blood pressure more than 140/90 mmHg during last ANC – occur after gestational age more than 20 weeks – no proteinuria – no history of essential hypertension before †¢ Physical examination & investigation high blood pressure (170/100 mmHg) MANAGEMENT Aim of management : 1. Control the hypertension 2. Monitor the fetus condition by doing fetal kick chart and cardiotocography 3. Don’t allowed postdate 4. A tablet of Aldalat (Nifedipine) 10 mg 3 times daily 5. Daily monitoring of blood pressure for every 4 hours 6. Deliver the baby by induction of labour if more than 35 POA 7. Plenty of bed rest DISCUSSION PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION Definition :- Increase in b lood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation: †¢ BP ? 140/90 mmHg †¢ An ^ in systolic BP ? 30 mmHg over baseline An ^ in diastolic BP ? 15 mmHg over baseline BP measurement : Taken at least 6 hours apart with the patient at rest PIH can be divided into : †¢ Pre-eclampsia – mild, severe †¢ Gestational HPT †¢ Eclampsia As we received a pregnant woman with a high blood pressure during ante-natal check-up, we should bare in mind that one of the possible causes of it is Pregnancy Induced Pregnancy (PIH). In this case, full history of the patient should be taken including full obstetric history, signs and symptoms of heart disease, liver disease and renal disease to exclude any possibility of ssential hypertension and also signs and symptoms of impending eclampsia. As in this patient, there was no history of essential hypertension or family history of hypertension, and the high blood pressure was only discovered during ante-natal check-up at late pregnancy whi ch is at 37 weeks POA. She was diagnosed to have Pregnancy Induced Hypertension which are mild in severity because the blood pressure was maintained around 170/100 mmHg on subsequent ante-natal visit. She was not diagnosed to have pre-eclampsia because no proteinuria.Several investigation was done in this patient to look for any complication of pregnancy induced hypertension in the mother and the fetus. All parameters of the investigation show no abnormalities. It is because the hypertension is mild in severity and it occurs quite late in the pregnancy which make the complication difficult to arise. Complications of hypertension in pregnancy There are several complication that can occur in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. Maternal :- †¢ Cerebral haemorrhage †¢ Heart failure †¢ Hepatic necrosis Acute tubular necrosis of the kidney Placental :- †¢ Placental insufficiency †¢ Abruptio placenta †¢ Oligohydramnios Fetus :- †¢ Intrauterine growth retardati on Drugs that can be used in pregnancy 1. Methyldopa (Aldomet) †¢ It is a central adrenergic inhibitor †¢ Action: v symphatetic activity, v total peripheral resistance †¢ Adverse effect : lethargy, drowsiness †¢ It is the safest drug in pregnancy 2. Labetolol (Trandet) †¢ ? /? adrenergic blocker †¢ Action : v total peripheral resistance, v cardiac output †¢ Adverse effect : fetal bradycardia, IUGR Contra-indication : 1st degree heart block, severe asthma 3. Nifedipine (Adalet) †¢ Calcium channel blocker †¢ Action : inhibit calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle †¢ Adverse effect : headache, reflux tachycardia, flushing 4. Hydralazine †¢ Peripheral vasodilator †¢ Action : direct action on vascular smooth muscle, v TPR †¢ Adverse effect : headache, sweating, nausea, palpitation †¢ Indication of use : in hypertension crisis In the ward, the blood pressure of the patient was controlled by given her good bed rest and daily monitoring of blood pressure.Other than that, the fetus condition monitored by doing cardiotocography (CTG). She also planned to have induction of labour. Indications for labour in this patient The indications for labour in this patient are :- i. She is at term ii. Delivery of the baby is the only treatment to bring down the blood pressure in pregnancy induced hypertension Risks of induction of labour 1. Failed induction – indicates that the attempt to induce labour has failed to result in full dilatation of the cervix. 2. Uterine hyperstimulation – which can cause fetal distress and uterine rupture

John Bowlby

In the introduction to one of his many books, John Bowlby quotes Graham Greene; ‘Unhappiness in a child accumulates because he sees no end to the dark tunnel. The thirteen weeks of a term may just as well be thirteen years. ’ It is quite clear that John’s childhood was not a happy one. He experienced many years of separation from family and it can be connected as to why he developed the theory of attachment. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, known as John Bowlby, was born in 1907 in London as the fourth of six children. His parents were Sir Anthony Bowlby and Lady May Bowlby.John Bowlby was from an upper class wealthy family. They raised their children to be strong with strict discipline. Showing signs of affections or emotions were looked to be a sign of weakness. His father was a surgeon and was gone most of the time and only saw his children on Sundays. His father also served in WWI, so was absent for quite some time. Bowlby’s mother was not active in her sonâ €™s life. She, like most upper class woman, thought that spending time with the child or showing affection towards the child would spoil them.Bowlby, therefore, only saw his mother for a short time each day. It seemed that the only time he was able to spend with her was after dinner during tea time (â€Å"John Bowlby- Child and Adolescent,† 2006). She has been described as being cold and reacted to his needs in the very opposite way that one would expect a mother to. John and his siblings were raised by a nanny, which was common within the upper class. The nanny was there until he was 4 and then left. John was sent to boarding school when he was seven. He later went to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.He decided at one point that military school was not for him and attended Trinity College in Cambridge. He studied medicine, which eventually lead him to studying psychology and graduating in 1928. While studying his psychology at Trinity he took time off, spending six mon ths in a school for maladjusted and delinquent children. He later referred to this as the most important six months of his life. While there, he noticed how many of the children had lost their mothers at a very young age. Bowlby was particularly interested in what happened around separation.Rather than going straight into clinical school, he spent a year teaching in two boarding schools, including one for disturbed children. Their early disrupted childhoods intrigued Bowlby, and he decided to combine his medical training with psychoanalytic training. Through his training and studies he became interested in what happened around separation. He and his colleagues observed young children in a hospital and noted their intense and prolonged distress when their parents had not visited. They also did home visits with the children and noticed that the relationship between the mother and child was under stress for weeks or longer.In 1950, Mary Ainsworth joined Bowlby and remained a close and influential colleague throughout his life. Bowlby introduced modern day psychology to the importance of mother-infant relationships and their dynamics (McLeod, 2007). Bowlby extensively reviewed then-current material on institutionalized children separated from parents and came to the conclusion that in order for a mentally healthy adulthood, the infant and child should be surrounded with a warm and intimate relationship with their mother.This bond between the two then would give satisfaction and joy to both parent and child. With this information, Bowlby realized that the current explanation from Freud that infants love their mother because of oral gratification was wrong. His new theory stated that infants are social from a very young age, 6 months to less than two years old. The infants become focused on a particular individual or a few individuals. Bowlby's aim was to discover the consequences of difficulties in forming attachments in childhood, and the effects this would have o n an infant's later development.He came up with the idea that infants develop a close emotional bond with an attachment figure early in life, and that the success or failure of this earliest of relationships lead the infant to form a mental representation that would have profound effects on their later relationships and their own success as a parent (â€Å"Attachment Theory,† 2011). Although Bowlby was raised in a traditional way for upper class people one could come to the conclusion that the lack of relationships can be damaging. His theory emphasizes the importance of the mother and infant bond.Bowlby’s relationship with his own mother seemed to be negative. When he did have an interaction with her, it was in short periods of time. The only relationship he had with his mother was, therefore, negative. He received no attention or affection from his mother. He also never received attention from his father, who I think could be a figure in infant’s life if the m other is not there. This relationship was also negative. The upper class did not view affection in a positive light. As an infant John was never able to form this attachment to his mother or father for the matter.He did, however, form a deep bond with his nanny. His nanny is the person who raised him and his siblings. It was common for upper class children to form a deep bond with their nannies. They seemed to be the mother or replacement mother. Unfortunately, during a crucial the developmental age of four, John’s nanny left. John has been known to say that this event was tragic and it was like losing a mother (Holmes, 1993). Not having another mother attachment figure then after his nanny left was a negative.Losing a mother figure at such a young age would leave a child not understanding what happened. One would feel lonely and have trouble coping with things later in life. His nanny was the only mother figure he had. To only have that attachment for such a short period of time I feel that it most likely left John wanting more, like most young children would. I feel that because John never had a long or lasting mother to form that attachment with it led him to find interest in this area when he was older.In his studies it was obvious that he was always drawn to children who suffered the same feelings as he did. Many of the children John studied did not have the mother and infant attachment. John was able to recognize this. He always seemed to be intrigued by kids had the same upbringing as him. I feel that it was his connection with these children is what gave him the desire to examine them further. It showed me that he had those feelings as well. John had clearly suffered and most likely was always searching for a reason has to why he felt the way he did.His theory of attachment, I feel, is a true result of his background. I feel that if John had formed an attachment with his mother he never would’ve had any interest in attachment. When someon e feels that there is a lack of something in their lives they tend to either bury the feelings or dig deeper and come to the route of the problem. John came to the route of the problem and helped develop a theory for mothers and infants around the world, but also for him.

Environmental Science Essay

Although attempting to subdivide existing farm plots and redistribute them may be considered suitable for the purposes of remediating food insecurity and rural poverty, there exists a significant amount of controversy over such a practice due to the issues such redistribution entail. For example, the redistribution of land would require that the distributing entity pick and choose claims and rights to land at their discretion, and such claims can range from historic, ancestral or even from â€Å"ownership of the till. † Land reform has met much resistance from even the most impoverished numbers of developing countries, and it would be difficult to attempt redistribution without shaking up the foundations of property rights. Farming co-ops provide a distinct advantage for farmers. First of all, they provide them the opportunity to act as a group, giving them a collective bargaining power that they do not possess as individuals and allows them to act in unison in seizing market opportunities while being able to manage risks together. In effect, they can leverage their interests better when united as a co-op and it is this asset that has brought success to the likes of the Ocean Spray Cranberry growers and the farmers of Sunkist. (Gable, 2006; Hieu, 2008) Opening up new land is perhaps the most rapidly actionable means of increasing the food supply for a growing population, but this also poses a liability with regards to environmental impact. The problem with agriculture, especially the large-scale grain-based industrial monoculture which has been developed to feed most of the world, is that it is largely unsustainable and has a detrimental effect on soil fertility. In the first half of the 20th century, a large portion of the American Midwest was reduced to desert due to aggressive expansion of the wheat growing agriculture. (Manning, 2004) As such, what is needed is not the expansion of the present industrial agriculture, but the development of techniques and technologies to improve farming so that yields are better, but without compromising sustainability. Pursuing job opportunities in the city is not entirely perfect, but it is a desirable direction towards the development of compact communities and urban density. When combined with practices such as permaculture, which is the development of perennial agricultural systems that resemble the systems found in natural ecology (Holmgren, 2003), compact communities effectively curtail many of the environmentally adverse effects of sprawl and the wastefulness of imposing distance between food production, residential zoning and urban sectors. (Sightline Institute, n. d. ) Ultimately, what is needed to address the needs of a growing population in the developing world is not the application of population control measures, or a voluntary call to asceticism, but the institution of developmental policies that recognize the needs and wants of human society on terms that are just to developing nations and corrective to developed ones. Alex Steffen (2006) notes that it is wrong to think we can talk developing nations out of pursuing their dreams, and deny them of the material luxury that citizens of developed nations take for granted. Therefore, what is necessary is bright green developmental policy, founded upon the idea that economic luxury continue without rendering the planet an uninhabitable wasteland. This would require cradle-to-cradle designs, closed-loop industrial systems and self-sustaining infrastructure, much of which is already possible today. The future is already here, it’s just not well distributed. REFERENCES Gable, C. (2006, October). â€Å"Fields of Power; Farming Co-Ops & the Future of Biodiesel,† Organic Producer. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from: http://www. organicproducermag. com/index. cfm? fuseaction=feature. display&feature_id=43 Hieu, T. (2008, July 27) â€Å"Farming co-ops may be answer to rural poverty. † Vietnam Business News. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from: http://www. vnbusinessnews. com/2008/07/farming-co-ops-may-be-answer-to-rural. html Manning, R. (2004) Against the Grain: How Agriculture Hijacked Civilization. New York, New York: North Point Press. Holmgren, D. (2003) Permaculture: Principles & Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia: Holmgren Design Services. Sightline Institute. (n. d. ) â€Å"Build Complete, Compact Communities. † Sightline Institute. Retrieved October 8, 2008 from: http://www. sightline. org/research/sust_toolkit/fundamentals/great_places Steffen, A. (Ed. ) (2006) Worldchanging: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century. New York: Abrams, Inc.

Judith Beveridge’s Poetry Essay

An inherent tension between nature and the material world is revealed in the imagery of Judith Beveridge’s poetry. Discuss the significance by referring to three poems. Judith Beveridge poetry reveals an inherent tension between nature and the material world. She questions human’s ability to understand and be connected to nature, examines human’s destructive power over nature and demonstrates the changing nature of the world from natural to materialistic. This is represented in her poems, Mulla Bulla Beach, Fox in the Tree Stump and Streets of Chippendale. Judith Beveridge’s poetry examines the ability of humans or the materialistic world to be interconnected with nature. In the poem Mulla Bulla Beach she examines a human’s ability to be part of nature, particularly from an outsiders perspective. She states â€Å" A new world to me, but familiar†, demonstrating how she can be related to nature. She also examines an insiders perspective on the beach, in particular the fisherman, stating â€Å" who are born hearing the sea always there† She examines how the fisherman have become part of the natural rhythm demonstrating how humans can be part of nature, and the tension between the material world and nature does not need to exist. She uses many similes to link humans or human objects to nature for example â€Å"Jellyfish clear as surgical gloves† and â€Å" tide winded shells pacing quietly as shore runners†. These similes demonstrate how humans can not only understand but also be part of the natural rhythm. This is also seen in Judith’s poem, The Fox in a Tree Stump. Judith examines how the child feels a connection to the fox and its innocent nature stating, â€Å" Fox hairs of dust sweated in my palms† although, this connection does not overpower the fear of her uncle, so she kills the fox. This demonstrates that although humans may feel connected to nature although this does not prevent them from destroying aspects of nature. Judith Beveridge examines the inherent tension between nature and the material world by examining a human’s ability to understand nature.