Clandestine labs and the dangers it poses to law enforcement and Essay

Clandestine labs and the dangers it poses to law enforcement and emergency personnel - Essay ExampleOne of the most important growing issues that atomic number 18 provided a particular attention by the US politics and US departments on law enforcement is the continuous increase of number of clandestine laboratories in the country. So far, although the government has tried hard to practically create massive definitions on how the law enforcers should actually be involved in handling the situation properly by training and increased competence in the process, it could be seen how the increase of rate in connection with the number of clandestine laboratories in the country today provides a rather different picture on the part of the efforts placed by the national officials on the matter in concern.In this paper, a practical unveiling on the issues and particular dangers that both law enforcers and emergency personnel face every time they risk their lives in attacking clandestine labo ratories for the sake of defend the security of the greater population making up the nation.Clandestine laboratories atomic number 18 well known local factories of drug production particularly that of Methamphetamines. These laboratories are notable to be located in hidden celestial orbits that are usually kept from the human naked eye due to its being illegal especially in the United States. Many operators of Clan Labs hide their laboratories in places where no one would actually suspect such as garage areas, and other home areas that are not likely much visited by outsiders. However, although placed in such areas, the recognition of these laboratories becomes easy due to the smell of chemicals coming out from the said sources of drug production. Usually, the smell of urine due to the existence of ammonia could be recognised from the area of production. An alarming cue that a clan lab may exist in an area should actually give one the right push to tell about the matter to law enforcers who are appointed to oversee the concerned place downstairs the case of a possible clan lab existence. Why is this a must It has been researched and well studied through with(predicate) experience based cases that clan labs are highly dangerous especially for those living within its vicinities. Considerably, the imposed position of the people living slightly the area is endangered due to the existence of the chemicals that are used for the production of the illegal drugs. These substances are noted to be highly flammable and are also considered dangerous to the health of those who are living around the area where they are used for mass production of drug substances. For this reason, it is highly recommended that community security law enforcers closely see to it that nothing is unnoticeably passed through especially when the issue comes to unknown areas of clan labs hidden within populated communities. Along with that, the aim of protecting the values of the law enforc ers appointed for the areas concerned is

Samsung and the Theme Park Essay Example for Free

Samsung and the Theme Park EssayCharles Dhanaraj and Young Soo Kim prep ard this case under the supervision of Professor capital of Minnesota Beamish solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may put up disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. SAMSUNG has the right to reproduce and use this case for its educational purposes. Ivey charge Services prohibits any form of retort, storage or transmittal without its written permission. This material is not c e veryplaceed under authorization from CanCopy or any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of affair, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7 ph iodine (519) 661-3208 fax (519) 661-3882 e-mail emailpr otected uwo. ca. right of first publication 1996, Ivey Management Services and Samsung HRDC Version (A) cc2-11-22.In October 1994, Her Tae-Hak, President of Samsungs Joong-Ang Development Company was driving to his office, past the Yongin farmland (Farmland), an amusement complex sprawling everywhere 3,700 acres in the Yongin v anyey. Her was spearheading a major drive indoors the company to position the make-up approximate range as one of the worlds track vacation resort towns. His master visualise cal conduct for an cloakment of about US$300 million over the succeeding(a) five years, to be internally funded by the Samsung Group. disrespect the booming Korean economy and the increasing demands for unemployed attractions, the global competitive surroundings of the division park fabrication raised several(prenominal) concerns. Should Samsung invest in such an aggressive expansion invent for Farmland? Was this an attractive effort for investment? Her was scheduled for a meeting with the Chairman of the Samsung Group for a formal presentation of the proposal at the end of the month. THE GLOBAL THEME PARK INDUSTRY The early 1990s saw the emergence of theme place as a major source of family pastime, not just in the linked States but around the world.The earliest evidence of a business where pile paid money to be terrified was in the early 1600s when several Russians operated a sled ride with a 70-foot vertical drop. In the late 1800s, several theme pose were set up in Coney Island (New York) in the United States. The first roller coaster was set up in 1884, followed by an indoor(a) knave 2 amusement park, Sealion Park. In the 1930s, the amusement industry had to contend with alternative entertainment offered by the movie houses as well as setbacks delinquent to economic depression.However, with the Disneyland Park opening in 1955 in California, the industry was revived and Walt Disney was credited with raising the profile, as well as the prof itability, of the industry to a crude height. on that point was a variety of pose and attractions, each with a different approach to drawing crowds and fork overing them a good time Cultural and commandment Parks were a remnant of the old-fashioned type of European park. Such park featured formal greens, gardens, and fountains. ecumenicly they incorporated historical and educational exhibits. alfresco Amusement Parks were small put that served a metropolitan or regional market.These park featured traditional thrill rides, carnival midways, and whatever entertainment. around amusement place did not have a theme to the architecture, rides, and entertainment. Theme Parks were generally family-oriented entertainment complexes that were built around a theme. Theme parks were larger and had a greater variety of rides and attractions than amusement parks. Water Theme Parks were a recent phenomenon, a special type of theme parks centered on water activities. Large water parks featured wave action pools, river rides, steep vertical drop slides, and a variety of voluminous flume slides.Most of the theme parks were members of the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, which tracked the attendance at various theme parks. In 1993, normality American parks accounted for 48 per cent of the worldwide attendance, Asian parks 33 per cent, European parks 14 per cent, and Central and South American parks four per cent (see Table 1). North America The Walt Disney Company was the largest park chain in the world with three major theme parks in the United States. Time Warners Six Flags Corporation was the second largest with seven parks spread out in the United States.Par summate, Anheuser Busch and Cedar Fair were any(prenominal) of the other conglomerates who owned theme parks. In mid-1993, Paramount bought Canadas Wonderland theme park originally certain by Taft Broadcasting Company in 1981. Despite the mature nature of the industry in th e United States, a number of theme parks were investing heavily in upgrading their facilities, and extending the theme parks serve ups. 9A96M006 rogue 3 Europe In 1980, Alton Towers, a 60-year old park in North Staffordshire (England), comprised primarily of historic gardens, repositioned itself as a theme park by adding a roller coaster and some other attractions.The park was extremely successful at bottom a very short span of time. The success of Alton Towers led to a number of new theme parks in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, including Blackpool Pleasure Beach (England) that featured the worlds tallest roller coaster. In France alone, three major theme parks emerged in the early 1990s Walt Disneys $3 billion Euro Disney, the $150 million Parc Asterix located northeast of Paris, and the $one hundred ten million Big Bang Schtroumpf (Smurfs) theme park just north of Metz.Six Flags Corporation and Anheuser-Busch both recently exposed new theme parks in Spain coinciding with the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Asia capital of Japan Disneyland was opened in 1983 by Walt Disney as a stick venture with the Oriental Land Company (OLC). The success of Tokyo Disneyland set off a wave of theme park festerings in Asia. OLC and Disney had agreed to open a second theme park, Tokyo Disney Sea in 2001. Ocean Park in Hong Kong, started in 1977, was the largest water park in Asia with an annual attendance of 3. 2 million.Jaya Ancol Dreamland, located in North Jakarta, Indonesia, was one of the largest diversionary attack complexes in south east Asia. Dreamland had a theme park (Dunia Fantasi), a waterpark complex, an oceanarium, a golf course, a beach and several hotels. China was a major growth market. Beijing Amusement park, started in 1981, reported that between 1990 and 1993 revenues increased over 2,000 per cent and earnings out front interest and taxes were up 200 per cent. Over the next five years, six regional theme parks were to be developed with a total invest ment of over $100 million. monetary ISSUES.The theme park business required a large-scale initial investment, ordinaryly ranging from $50 million to $3 billion. Depending on the real-estate markets, the cost of the land take account itself could be very high. Theme parks required over 50 acres of land for a full scale development, with some of the theme parks utilizing 10,000 to 30,000 acres. Since accessibility of the park location was a fall upon success factor in the industry, theme park developers chose land sites in a central eye socket which was relatively expensive. Alternatively, they could choose a remote area at a low cost and develop the transportation net urinate.In either case, the land development costs constituted nearly 50 per cent of the overall investment. The amusement machinery constituted 20 to 30 per cent of the total investment, and the working capital requirements took up the remaining 20 to 30 per cent of the investment. The amusement equipment required for the park was overly expensive, most of it 9A96M006 Page 4 9A96M006 going from $1 million to $50 million. Businesses which had an in-house land development expertise or equipment technology had offend control of these costs.Many parks periodically added new attractions or renovated existing ones to draw reverberate customers. The parks typically reinvested much of their revenue for expansion or upgrading purposes. The economies of scale and scope were significant in the industry. Increasingly, parks got larger and larger to generate more than operate revenues. Also, companies had multiple parks to take advantage of the learning curve effects in the management of theme parks and the increased economies of scope. Most of the operating expenses for theme parks (about 75 per cent) were for personnel.Admission fees1constituted over 60 per cent of the total revenues of a theme park, while the rest came primarily from food, beverage, and merchandise sales. To deal the admissions revenue a centralized ticket system was generally preferred. An all-inclusive admission price entitled customers to as many rides and shows as they desired. This approach led to longer stays at parks resulting in increased food and beverage sales. other centralized admission method was to sell ride/show tickets in sets or coupon books (i. e. , five coupons for $5, but 12 coupons for $10).Both approaches to centralized ticket sales minimized the number of employees handling money throughout the park resulting in improved efficiency and control. Walt Disney Companys financial profile was generally used to assess the return on investment within the industry. The revenues for the theme parks segment of the Walt Disney Company were at US$2. 042 billion in 1988 and grew to US$3. 4 billion in 1993. Operating income was pegged at US$565 million in 1988 and US$747 million in 1993. The return on equity for the Walt Disney Company was pegged at 17 to 25 per cent.One of the analysts remarked o n the theme parks segment of Walt Disney Theme parks are going to become increasingly stable and annuitylike, with the ability to generate $700 to $750 million in cash diminish a year. There were signs of declining profitability in the U. S. operations, since the market was maturing and the competition was getting more intense. Tokyo Disneyland, the Japanese operation, was growing and profitable. However, EuroDisney, the European theme park, was a incident for the company with huge losses since operations began in 1992. The company was expecting a break-even in 1995. 1.Admission fees varied from $5 to $25 depending on the location and disposition of the park. Page 5 9A96M006 MARKETING AND SOCIAL ISSUES The traditional appeal of theme/amusement parks was to preteens, teens, and young adults. Changing demographics were causing most parks to conceive of in terms of a broader market, theatrical roleicularly families, corporate groups, and even senior citizens. There were five major market segments for theme parks Local Families pile within a solar days drive who visited mostly on weekends. Most parks focused exclusively on this segment, which generally constituted 60 to 75 per cent of the attendance.Childrens Groups schools, churches, recreation agencies, scouts, and other groups who traveled in buses on summer weekdays. The Evening Market teens and young adults who came for entertainment, concerts, and romancing at night. Corporate Groups include consignment sales and group parties. Tourists a substantial market for large theme parks in destination areas such as Florida. Customer joy was a critical issue in theme parks management. Successful park managers used extensive marketing research to understand their customers and also dog-tired a lot of effort in promoting the park.To reach the diverse groups, parks emphasized increased beautification and the range of entertainment and food services offered. Theme park managers were working with tour o perators and government tourist promotion boards to draw the tourist crowds to their parks. Theme parks spent about 10 per cent of their annual revenues for advertising. Radio, newspaper, sensationalistic page (telephone book) advertisements, family and group discounts, and direct mail were the most common promotional methods. Among large theme parks, television advertising was an excellent visual medium to juggle the excitement.Some parks expended a major portion of their advertising calculate for television promotion. An issue for the theme parks industry was the seasonal and intermittent nature of the business. Theme parks attendance peaked in the spring/summer and in the school holidays. Even in the holiday season, bad weather could adversely affect the attendance. The seasonal fluctuations put a lot of strain on the theme parks management. During the peak season, the requirement for employees shot up kind of often the management had to find employees beyond the domestic te rritory and provide housing for out-of-town employees.The sudden surge in demand often choked the service systems such as transportation, building management, etc. It was the availability of leisure time and a high discretionary income that drove the commercial recreation industry. Economic downturns had a severe impact on industry revenues. Also, consumers could substitute a visit to theme parks with other modes of entertainment. Consumers substituted products/services in order to try something new, different, cheaper, safer, better, or more convenient.Free Page 6 admission parks and beaches, camping trips, or even video-movies at home were competing options for leisure time. REGULATORY ISSUES Government regulations were quite strict because of the extensive land use, and the potential for serious accidents. Licensing requirements and methods of ascertaining operational expertise to ensure visitors safety varied from country to country. In some countries, where land was scarce, gov ernments special the area of the land that the developers could take up for theme parks. Park administration was dependent on the government for utilities such as power, gas and water.A typical period required for arranging government approval for a theme park could be as high as two to five years, depending on the country. A related issue was insurance premiums. given over the likelihood of accidents in the amusement parks and the possibility of serious injury, 100 per cent insurance reportage was a must in the industry. Although safety records in the industry were very good, the insurance premiums were extremely high in some parts of the world, particularly in the United States. However, the large premiums often drove the small players in the industry out of business. Countries in Asia did not have this handicap.TECHNOLOGY ISSUES The theme park industry had three classes of inputs the building and construction services that provided landscaping and architectural support the hard ware providers that supplied amusement machinery and the software providers that supplied management know-how. The amusement machinery industry had grown over the years. Most of the large drives, such as the Hurricane or the Giant Wheel, were manufactured in Japan, Europe or the United States. There were fewer than 10 suppliers who were adequate to(p) of developing quality machinery, such as DOGO of Japan, HUSS of Germany, and ARROW of the United States.Most of these suppliers worked globally, and the machinery were custom designed and made to order to fit the particular market and environment conditions. There were a large number of suppliers for the smaller machines, and quite often, they could be manufactured domestically. Special simulators for amusement purposes using proprietary technology were being developed by technology-intensive companies such as Sega Japan and Simex Canada. The park management expertise commonly referred to as the software in the industry was not easily available. leading(a) theme park companies, such as Walt 9A96M006 Page 7 9A96M006.Disney Company, charged huge licensing fees which were over 10 per cent of the revenues. Also, they were very selective in choosing joint ventures in other countries. Disney went through an extensive market epitome and partner profile analysis for over three years in Europe before finalizing the venue in France with the joint venture partner. Mr. Yu, director-in-charge of the Farmland project, commented We wanted to go for a joint venture with Walt Disney Corporation. But they somehow were not interested in Korea. So we had to go it alone. It takes a long time for theme park managers to develop service delivery of world class quality.Although Walt Disney offered a number of educational programs to train other managers in the Disney Management style, the know-how seemed to be too sophisticated for the competitors to emulate. Virtual reality (VR) was increasingly becoming a highly lucrative mass-mark et entertainment phenomenon. A new entry that was due to open in July 1994 was Joypolis, a $70 million interactive theme park owned by Sega Enterprises, with intercommunicate revenues of $37 million per annum.Sega had plans to open 50 such parks in Japan, and was negotiating with Universal Studios, California, for its first U. S. installation of a VR theme park. YONGIN FARMLAND Yongin Farmland (Farmland), opened in 1976, was the first amusement park in Korea.It was managed by Joong-Ang Development Company, one of the wholly owned subsidiaries of Samsung with a mission to provide a better quality of life through healthy open-air leisure activities. In addition to the Farmland management, Joong-Ang was responsible for the building maintenance at all Samsungs offices, as well as maintaining two golf courses. Farmland was located about an hour south of Seoul, and was owned by the Korean conglomerate, the Samsung Group (see confront 1).The 3,700-acre attraction began as an agricultural center to demonstrate how mountainous land could be used productively for growing food products. Mr. Lee of Joong-Ang said, At that time, we had swage raising enough food for our country. We raised a model farm of how to work with an abandoned mountain by building a pig farm and put fruit orchards. We changed the land use gradually through the years as we added entertainment elements. The Wild Safari was opened in 1980, and the Rose Festival, an impressive locomote garden filled with 6,000 rose bushes of 160 different varieties arranged according.Page 8 9A96M006 to various themes, opened in 1985. To provide for winter entertainment, the Sled tilt was opened in 1988. A drastic departure from the traditional theme parks was taken when Yongin Farmland opened a Motor-Park in late 1993. The move park operations incurred a loss in the first year of operations (see Table 2 for the profit and loss statement). In November 1993, Her took over as the President and Chief Executive Office r of the Joong-Ang Development Company. Prior to his assignment to Joong-Ang, Her was the CEO of Cheju Shilla, a luxury hotel on Cheju Island in Korea.Her was credited with developing a world-class sea resort at Cheju Shilla which surpassed in customer service established hotel chains such as Hotel Hilton. Since taking over the reins of the company, Her had focused on improving the customer satisfaction level at Farmland, and had also been developing the plans for Farmlands expansion. One of the major challenges was to see how the expansion plans for Farmland would react with the corporate strengths of the Samsung group. Her was aware that earlier attempts by previous management to expand Farmland had not met with the approval of the groups Chairman.There were concerns in many quarters that the theme park industry did not fit well with the high-tech and the global image of the Samsung Group, and also that the profitability might be very low. The theme park industry was still in its early stages in Korea, and had a history of less than two decades. However, indications were that the industry was growing globally, with more players entering. Nevertheless, some of the managers did not see profitable growth opportunity in the theme park industry. One of the managers in Joong-Ang said Theme parks may be a growing industry worldwide. That does not mean that it should be so in Korea.In Korea, we work five and a half days a week and we have annual vacation of only four to five days a year. Where do Korean people have time for theme parks? FARMLAND CUSTOMERS Traditionally, Farmland focused on the local customers. Most of its customers came from surrounding areas within two hours drive (see Table 3). The economic growth in Korea had been a major driving force in industry growth (see Exhibit 2). Despite the early stage of growth in the Korean leisure industry, on that point were six theme parks in the Seoul area including Farmland. Most notable among these were Lotte W orld and Seoul Land.Lotte World, started in 1989, prided itself on having the worlds largest indoor theme park with adjoining hotel, department store, shopping mall, folk village and sports centre. Commenting on Lottes strategy, one of the managers at Lotte World said Page 9 9A96M006 We focus on a segment different from Farmland. Since we are located downtown, we cater to a patronage who want to drop by for a shorter period. Typically, we get office people who want to depressurise subsequently a hard days work or couples who would like to spend some time in a romantic environment. Seoul Land, located near Seoul at Kyungkido, was also a key competitor to Farmland.With attendance at 3. 37 million, Seoul Land ranked 23rd in the Top 50 theme parks worldwide. Mr. Woon, one of the managers at Seoul Land, remarked The park has a good reputation for quality special events and the people enjoy coming to the park because of its fresh air, beautiful scenery, and sonant access. Despite the competition from other parks, Farmland had the highest growth rate within the Korean industry (Table 4). The seasonal nature of the theme park industry moved(p) all the competitors, not necessarily in the same pattern (Table 5). PRICING Farmland was also going through a major change in its pricing structure.The pricing strategy in place (Table 6) was a combination of pay-as-you-go and pay-one-price system. Users had the option of paying the admission fees and buying separate tickets for rides (pay-as-you-go), that were available as coupons (Big 5 for five rides). Membership in the park was available for a price, which provided free admission for a year. The other option was to buy a passport (termed as pay-one-price) that provided admission as well as unlimited rides for one full day. The passport users were estimated at 17. 4 per cent of the attendance in 1993, and the membership holders were estimated at 75 per cent.Farmland wanted to switch gradually to the pay-one-price scheme , which was the most common pricing scheme in the leading markets. The prices across the major competitors were comparable. In 1993, honest admissions and ride fee per person was 6,667 Won in Farmland, 7,279 Won in Lotte World, and 6,494 Won in Seoul Land. Theme parks also monitored the amount a visitor spent on food, beverages, and souvenirs. In 1993, average percapita expenditure on food and beverage in the three parks was 2,874 Won in Farmland, 2,017 Won in Lotte World and 1,804 Won in Seoul Land and merchandise sales per capita were 996, 1,319, and 722 Won, respectively.Page 10 9A96M006 OPERATIONAL ISSUES While there was some indication that the Samsung Group would be willinging to consider a proposal for expansion of the Farmland, Her had to contend with a number of operational issues at Farmland. found on discussions with a number of managers and customers, Her had some idea of the various issues involved in the operation of Farmland. Transportation One major issue was acce ssibility to the park. Yongin was 60 kilometres south of Seoul, and during peak hours, it took as long as two hours to drive from Seoul to Farmland due to traffic jams.One resident who lived very good to the Yongin area said Actually, it should take only 15 minutes to drive from my home to Farmland. But the traffic jam is so intense that if I go to Farmland, it may take almost an hour of crawling in the traffic. Thats one main reason why I have not visited it so far. One of the managers in the marketing group commented on the critical nature of this problem In Korea, we work five and a half days a week. Most of the time on the working days the travel time is long. All the house chores have to be done only on the weekends.Given this fact, it is only to be expected that Korean customers would not be so keen to travel on a Sunday or on a holiday if the traffic is heavy. However, many managers in Joong-Ang believed that the accessibility problem was only a temporary issue. Mr. Yu, Dire ctor of Personnel at Joong-Ang, commented Travel difficulties are part of our life in Korea, given the small land and the large number of people. The government has plans to bring the subway up to Yongin, in which case Farmland would have a subway terminal, which will provide a lot of convenience to our people.This was echoed by one of the visitors to Farmland, who commented I hate sitting inside my house all day. I have to get out somewhere. Seoul is too crowded and I would like to go to some place to breathe some open air. Beaches are closed most of the season, and Page 11 9A96M006 if I want to go for some mountains or Pusan, it is too far away. So, I dont mind driving down to Yongin to spend a relaxed day. I will skip the rush hour by leaving early from the park. Parking Another related issue was parking. Farmland had ample parking space for about 8,000 cars at one time around the four sides of the park.One of the managers who conducted an extensive analysis of the parking space said What we have now is more or less enough for the time being. We have enough space for about 8,000 cars and at four people per car we can accommodate about 32,000 people. If we assume the lot turning over at 1. 7 times a day (at an average stay of six to eight hours), we can handle a peak attendance of 52,000. But the real problem is the seasonality. On peak days, we may get more visitors and quite often people may spend more time. If we are going to expand, this will be a major bottleneck. discover of the expansion plan included augmenting the parking spaces and also providing a Park and Ride scheme for visitors so that they could travel comfortably from the various car parks to the entrance. Environmental Issues Expanding Farmland meant taking over more of the land mass available in the Yongin valley. A farmer living in the Yongin valley, who was vehemently unlike to the expansion ideas, said They (Samsung) just want to expand their business. But they dont realize that one of the problems with cutting down the trees and leveling the ground will cause potential flooding in the surrounding region.This will damage all our crops. How will they compensate us? Organizational Inertia It was also a challenge to introduce a dynamic environment within the Farmland organization. In order to succeed in the industry, Farmland had to go through a major reorientation in its organizational style. Farmland had initiated customer satisfaction surveys recently and it was brought to the attention of the management that the customer satisfaction levels were lagging behind the key competitor, Lotte World. As one of the marketing managers noted Page 12 9A96M006.Repeat business is very important to our survival. If we dont satisfy our customers, they wint come back and we wont have any business left. But, it is not in our Korean nature to smile at strangers. We are very serious people. So it becomes all the more difficult to get the type of service you can see at Disneyland. Mr. Yu, who had pioneered a number of changes within the organization, recalled one event which demonstrated the type of organizational inertia the management had to deal with Previously we had the head office at Seoul and we were managing the Farmland by remote control. We were faxing information and directives up and down. But I somehow did not see that this would be the best way to work. I insisted that the head office had to be located where our products are and only after much persuasion could we move to this place. Among other things, management was also considering a change in the recruitment process. Traditionally, Farmland had gone after the academically best graduates and students, which was the standard practice at Samsung. The management felt that they needed more service oriented people.The management wanted to recruit more female workers, the level of which at that time was below 25 per cent, but anticipated problems since most Korean women stopped working after marria ge. Mr. Yu said I think times are changing. For that matter, even if we have a high turnover, it may be good for us since fresh melodic line always brings in fresh ideas and we would be able to preserve some dynamism in our organization. THE MASTER PLAN Based on a detailed survey (Table 8) and tentative analysis, the management had put together a master plan to invest about $300 million in revamping Farmland.There were also suggestions of changing the name to provide a better image of the company. A master plan, for a phased investment of about $300 million dollars over the next two years, was being developed. Everland, Green Country, and Nature Land were some of the names proposed for the new mountain resort. Included in the master plan were A waterpark to be built adjacent to the existing theme park, at an estimated cost of US$140 million, with a Caribbean theme. A Global Fair, a fun-fair indicative of the major countries in the world, at an estimated cost of $85 million.Page 13 9A96M006 Expansion of existing zoo, and parks including a night time laser show and a simile fantasy garden at an estimated cost of $50 million. The funding would come mainly from the parent, Samsung Group, and also through corporate sponsorship of the other companies within the Samsung Group. The master plan also indicated that if the first phase was successful, a second phase of developing a resort town in Yongin, with luxury hotels, golf courses, and resort accommodations would occur. (Exact budget for the second phase was not available at that stage.)A number of managers within the company who were closely involved in developing the master plan felt strongly that the theme park expansion was not only a priority but also would be a profitable venture. The General Manager of the planning group commented What we want to create is a destination resort town and a residential community where people can come, relax and enjoy themselves in a low-stress environment. Samsung employs more than 180,000 people here in Korea. This will give them a place to come and be proud of. There will be plenty here for all members of the family as they grow.We feel it is time to change from a farm-oriented name to a name which represents our new mission, which is to create a zeal for long-lasting life that is combined with the harmony of nature. If this plan is approved, we will become the prototype destination resort town in the absolute world. We have visited them all, and when were finished, there wont be any better Her wanted a comprehensive analysis of the theme park industry to ascertain the profitability of the industry. He wanted to present to the chairman of the Samsung Group a clear rationale why Samsung should invest in this industry.The Richard Ivey School of Business gratefully acknowledges the generous support of The Richard and Jean Ivey Fund in the development of this case as part of the RICHARD AND JEAN IVEY FUND ASIAN CASE SERIES. Page 14 9A96M006 Table 1 T OP 50 AMUSEMENT/THEME PARKS WORLDWIDE (1994) Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Park Location Tokyo (Japan) DISNEYLAND MAGIC KINGDOM of Walt Disney World, Florida, United States DISNEYLAND, Anaheim, California, United States JAYA ANCOL DREAMLAND, Jakarta, Indonesia.EPCOT at Walt Disney World, Florida, United States EURO DISNEYLAND, Morne La Voltee, France YOKOHAMA (Japan) HAKKEIJIMA SEA PARADISE, Japan DISNEY-MGM STUDIOS, Walt Disney World, Florida, United States UNIVERSAL STUDIOS FLORIDA, Orlando, Florida, United States BLACKPOOL (England) PLEASURE BEACH, England YONGIN FARMLAND, Kyonggi-Do, South Korea UNIVERSAL STUDIOS HOLLYWOOD, California, United States SEA WORLD OF FLORIDA, Florida, United States LOTTE WORLD, Seoul, South Korea CHAPULTEPEC, Mexico City, Mexico HUIS TEN BOSCH, Sosebo, Japan TOSHIMAEN AMUSEMENT PARK, Tokyo, Japan KNOTTS berry FARM, Fuona Park, Californ ia, United States SEA W.

Effects of gadgets addiction among teenagers Essay Example for Free

Effects of gadgets addiction among teenagers EssayHotels and resorts are places for relaxation or recreation thus they attract visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishments operated by a single company. It is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short term basis. If before, hotels and resorts only provide radical accommodation consists only of cottages or a room with a bed nowadays, it has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or humor control, function hall for events, spa and an in house restaurant. The cost and quality of hotel and resort are usually indicative of the range and types of services available. Due to the bulky increase in tourism worldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards especially those of smaller establishments have improve considerably. Today, many systems have used an automation offshoot like using onl ine computer system, due to its efficiency and accuracy.Champ aqua Farm and Resort is located at 168 Dulong Barrio, Matungao, Bulakan, Bulacan and it offers a resort and reservation of facilities and creature comforts for the customers. The resort uses manual business transactions with its customers. They are using a manual process in booking, reservations and logging names of customers. The resort has two fluid pools, two function halls, three houses for accommodation (Farm House, Brick House and Summer House), twelve cottages, three floating cottages, one playground, a half-basketball court, one restaurant and two weight ponds. The resort also offers activities such as Fishing, Canoeing, Basketball, and Retreat. They also sell fish like Tilapia, Hito, and Japanese Koi.The purpose of this study is to develop an Online Inquiry and Reservation system of rules for Champ Aqua Farm and Resort. It substitutes the manual system withcomputerized system.Project ObjectivesGeneral Object ivesThe researchers aim to develop an Online Inquiry and Resort Reservation System for Champ Aqua Farm and Resort.Specific Objectives1. To be able to design a homepage for Champ Aqua Farm and Resort.2. To be able to design a log in form and registration form for the guests.3. To be able to design a reservation form for guests.4. To be able to design gallery for details about(predicate) the resort or the property.5. To determine the design FAQs and About Us section for questions, suggestions and other inquiry.

Neglecting the Complexities Essay Example for Free

Neglecting the Complexities EssayGlobal warm uping is the heating up of the earths surface which causes such an increase in the average temperature that sums up to the change in the earths temper. This can be attributed to the man-made greenhouse accelerator concentrations as in the greenhouse effect. The Earths climate changes in response to external forcing, including variations in its orbit around the Sun (orbital forcing), changes in solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.The detailed causes of the recent warming remain an momentive field of research, but the scientific consensus is that the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases delinquent to benignant activity caused most of the warming observed since the start of the industrial era. This attribution is cle arst for the most recent 50 years, for which the most detailed data are available. Some other hypotheses departing from the consensus view have been suggested to explain most of the temperature increase.One such hypothesis proposes that warming may be the impression of variations in solar activity. We can just imagine how more of this heat would come from the environmental pollution as the toxic wastes emitted by factory chimneys, production of plastics, chemicals from hairsprays and the like. These innovations that are twain detrimental to human health and environment, especially in times where we have denuded green fields and lack of the maintaining and sustaining of the forestry.The current times would show much(prenominal) indifference from the human population who as learned to embrace the short term aesthetic beauty and comfort that this modernism offers to the industry. This apathy should and so be addressed immediately especially at these times when the grave effects and destructions of the worldwide warming are so imminent not only in the human health but most especially with the dwindling of natural resources.Despite the nota ble efforts of some groups and organizations, one cannot help the passive undertaking of such a serious matter by the higher percentage of the human population. One should realize the horrendous effects that could follow with further negligence to such an alarming state of nature. The anticipated shift of climate because of global warming has the biggest possibility of having irreversible effects at both the continental and global scales which testify to be truly devastating.Though the actual materialization of such projected effects remain controversial, the foreseen outcomes include the impeded ocean circulation which is responsible for the transportation of the warm water to the North Atlantic, The wiping out of Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets, intensification of droughts, the wildfires out of heatwaves, severing storms, the speeding up of global warming brought about by the coulomb cycle feedbacks in the terrestrial biosphere, and the exhaust of the terrestrial carbon from permafrost regions and methane from hydrates in coastal sediments.The United States National Academy of Sciences has warned, Greenhouse warming and other human alterations of the earth system may increase the possibility of large, abrupt, and unwelcome regional or global climatic events. . . . Future abrupt changes cannot be predicted with confidence, and climate surprises are to be expected. It was stated that most of the consequences of global warming would result from one of three physical changes sea level rise, higher local temperatures, and changes in rainwater patterns.Sea level is generally expected to rise 18 to 59 cm (7. 1 to 23. 2 inches) by the end of the century. The extreme weather caused by global warming could lead to effects as that of Extratropical storms which is partially dependent on the temperature gradient that is predicted to weaken in the northern hemisphere as the cold region warms more than the rest of the hemisphere.Because of the warm climate the re would be an increase in the evaporation which will then cause heavier rainfall as our world is a closed system, which further leads to erosion. This is very detrimental to tropical areas which may lead to desertification due to deforestation. It was then predicted to have an average of 2. 8% blasting storms in every(prenominal) 1% increase in annual precipitation.RESOLUTION Because of this awareness on the projected negative effects of global warming it has brought much concern to the human population which brought certain political advocacies into the proposition of ways to eradicate and alleviate the status of our ecosystem as greatly touched by the global warming. They are now promoting extensive means and way into advocating the social awareness of such horrendous effects to our world.The effects and consequences of present acts my not be A-one visible or flatly exposed to the human eye, but the projected image of how bad things can turn out to be is now shown through stud ies such as that of one as reported to UN by Stephen Mwakifwamba, national coordinator of the Centre for Energy, Environment, Science and Technology with regard to the Tanzanian governments climate change. In the past, we had a drought about every 10 years, he says. Now we just dont know when they will come. They are more frequent, but then so are floods. The climate is far less predictable.We might have floods in May or droughts every three years. Upland areas, which were never affected by mosquitoes, now are. Water levels are decreasing every day. The rains come at the wrong time for farmers and it is leading to many problems. Greg Holland, director of the Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology particle at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, said on April 24, 2006, The hurricanes we are seeing are indeed a direct result of climate change, and that the wind and warmer water conditions that fuel storms when they form in the Caribbean are, increasingly d ue to greenhouse gases.There seems to be no other decisiveness you can logically draw. Holland said, The large bulk of the scientific community say what we are seeing now is linked directly to greenhouse gases. The Association of British Insurers has stated that limiting carbon emissions would avoid 80% of the projected additional annual cost of tropical cyclones by the 2080s. The cost is also increasing partly because of building in exposed areas such as coasts and floodplains.The ABI claims that reduction of the vulnerability to some inevitable effects of climate change, for example through more vital buildings and improved flood defenses, could also result in considerable cost-savings in the long term. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expe cted consequences.All of these warnings and plans can only be fully realized once each and every individual take a serious look at this alarming earth condition then personally taking the initiative to involve them selves and act in ways to the promotion of lessening all these harmful sources of global heat. We can take a start from the use of earth-friendly materials such as the cycle method or even the use of healthy vehicular fuels.There are numerous ways to make use of the available alternatives or believably to explore new and better ways of catering materials for human services left to be seen.References Association of British Insurers. (2005). Financial risks of climate change. Brian S. and Gabriel V. (2007). IPCC Projections and Hurricanes. Geophysical Fluids impulsive Global Warming blog. Global warming behind record 2005 storms experts. Retrieved on Decmeber 12, 2006, from Reuters. Hoyos, Carlos D. Paula A. Agudelo, Peter J.Webster, Judith A. Curry (2006).Deconvolution of the Factors Contributing to the Increase in Global Hurricane Intensity. Science Express. Intergovernmental grace on Climate Change (2007, February 05). Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental embellish on Climate Change. Retrieved February 02, 2007, from http//www. ipcc. ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved December 12, 2007. Houghton, J. T. ,Y. Ding, D. J.

The Impact Of Deregulation Of Tourism Tourism Essay

The Impact Of Deregulation Of touristry Tourism EssayNational bail has always been an issue dating moxie to as early as when man started organizing himself in society. Tourism has become a major(ip) pillar of modern-day economies and cultures. This explore examines the fix of holidaymakerry deregulation or the simplification of government rules and requirements on tourism to national gage.The study testament in like manner cover argonas on importation of terrorism through tourism canvass tourism umbrage and an early(a)(prenominal) types of horror and finall(a)y examine the changes in annoyance tramp in countries that relieve tourism. The resident attitudes towards the impacts of deregulation of tourism on national miserliness leave al integrity be explored. Questionnaires and simple haphazard sampling can be methods of data collection from the respondents. The data collected leave behind be decomposed using the statistical package for the social sciences. The findings of the study will be presented using pie charts and graphs.Tourism and shelter argon interrelated and inseparable. The credentials of the tourists is the primary concern of every host government beca social occasion of it only where they feel safe that they will spend and visit a go on. The current stinting state of almost countries has presented a problem because governments postulate to come up with ways of raising foreign earnings to raise money to service the national debt and keep the economy afloat. One of the solutions has been to simplify government regulations for the tourism persistence to attract more traffic. firearm this has been successful in most countries, recent evidence has raised questions of what personal effects lower standards for tourists have on the national credential of the host bucolic.Tourism is a delicate and dynamic industry. Although tourists have specific countries they want to tour found on experience, recommendation or the spirit of adventure, it is worth noting that some tourists have other agendas. It is impossible to know legitimate tourists from battalion with hidden agendas such as terrorists without the proper legislation. At the same time tourists ar usually free to travel to finishs of their choice neutraliseing terminals associated with risk. It has been observed that the consequences of disastrous events on tourist savoir-faires be free and adverse. Some of the in pledge concerns include terrorism of both kind where governments issue travel advisories to their citizens to not visit the partakeed ground. A problem presents itself when the tourism has been merchandise in the guise of tourism, such that terrorists disguise themselves as normal tourists to enter countries. If stringent laws for immigration were to be put in place as they were before, it would be possible to pick the wheat from the chaff.According to (Zurick, 2006) the concept of security has changed through the decades fro m one of collective security and common defense to embrace notions of common and concerted security. Despite the damage done to the concept of collective security because of the United States led invasion of Iraq, the development of common security structures through collective as hale as multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations is still an master(prenominal) aspect for the expansion of security concerns to cover a nations environment, health and scotch security threats. This research also considers that tourism organizations have little influence on peace and security agendas despite the fact that they are important for tourism. This is curiously at the micro-level whereby appropriate tourism development initiatives may serve as a means to prevent potential future conflict over choice and environmental security challenges.1.2 Safety, security and destination visitThe world has become a global village and the global descents have become turbulent, this has therefo re called for destination marketing organizations which focus their attention in demonstrating that there is safety device for tourists. A tourist perception well-nigh a particular destination which may be caused by negative publicity is mostly a question of security and safety. Often, this negative publicity may be unrelated to the reality on the make but it has more than significant effects on the tourism sector and the economy as a unit.Tourism deregulation impacts on national security can be categorized into positive and negative category based upon economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts. According to (Hall, Dallen Duval 2003), tourism is greatly affected by and affects security. The destination a tourist chooses is determined by how safe he or she knows it be, or has been advised is. Changes in the global security affect tourism greatly. The security concerns affect both tourists and the host country that has to face the fact that not all individuals visiting th e country have good intentions.Responsible tourists take time to investigate the security short letter in the countries they intend to visit. Such responsible tourists should be aware of security risks and take precautions to mitigate such effects or avoid them completely. The September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Towers in the United States of America are an epitome of events that can affect the tourist traffic of any country. Terrorist attacks have an impact on travel, leisure industries and tourist destinations. As a consequence more focus and attention has been directed towards tourism safety and security issues than ever before. The impact of deregulation on tourism laws on national security is a matter that cannot be ignored. Recent research is being concent regularize further on the epitome of not only how travel safety can be promoted but also how security concerns may be interconnected in terms of tourism marketing. The management is also being enhanced to enable the industry become more responsive to challenges of security both upcountry and imported.Countries with unstable security history tend to be paranoid about security but stable and relatively safe countries have been continuously expiry regulation that simplifies the process of obtaining tourist visas. The movement of the tourists is also not restricted or monitored. While this markets the country as place where the privacy of visitors is guaranteed and protected, it also attracts wad of questionable acknowledgment. These individuals might commit crime and abscond, or some might use the stability and anonymity to plan attacks on other countries. The latter locating can create a diplomatic spat which, unchecked, could escalate to war.Tourism activities can be affected by either external or congenital forces such forces may include war, terrorism activities, economic recessions, disaster, and financial crisis among others. Nations and cities which have experienced terror ist attacks for example New York and Washington faced profound impact on global travel (B overleapford, 2004).The area of security is broad and sensitive and is affected by many things. The relationship among deregulation of tourism and national security can be explored in different perspectives. For example, in examining this relationship the research will look at whether the deregulation of air transport has influenced national security and the tourist destination countries in different nations. Terrorism will also be examined to investigate whether it can be imported in the guise of tourism. It will further examine the impact of deregulation on capacity as well as fares. The study also attempts to determine the impact deregulation has caused on marketing of tourist destinations and affections. Finally, the research will investigate the impacts of tourism deregulation on transport at the destination areas. The research will also compare tourism crime and other types of crime (Ha ll, Dallen Duval 2003).1.3 Statement of the problemThe tourism industry has grown tremendously and thus every country is trying to gain a competitive advantage in order to market tourism adequately. This has lead to deregulation of tourism to assist raise tourist traffic. This research will seek to identify these impacts in a wider perspective with gaze to crimes related to tourism and also seek to explore the rate of crime in countries that exempt tourism. With globalization becoming embraced internationally the need for national security has been an issue of concern not only in tourism but in other areas as well. This concern is fundamental if nations are to enjoy and promote tourism while protecting the national security by preventing tourism crime, terrorism and other threats to a nations security that could be as a way out of tourism deregulation. look into and experience have evidenced that tourism is a crucial gene that can contribute greatly to the development of a nati ons economy. It is therefore worth noting that tourism is directly associated and related with the cultural, economic as well as the intelligent potential of any nation. Currently available statistical data indicates that tourism is a leading profit earner in most developing industries in the world and thus the need to protect and uplift it as while not compromising as the national security of a country. It is expected that in the early 21st century the number of tourists will increase dramatically and consequently the revenues from tourism will increase considerably.The evident threats to national security are not something any country passing legislation to deregulate the market can ignore. The purpose of this research is to identify this threats and the correlation it has with deregulating the tourism sector.1.4 Research objectivesThis study will be focus on achieving the following objectives1. To investigate whether terrorism can be imported in the guise of tourism.2. To invest igate whether countries that deregulate tourism experience high crime rate.3. To investigate the relationship and compare tourism crime and other types of crime.4. To identify the impacts of airlines deregulation in international areas with respect to tourism.CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.0 IntroductionAccording to the World Trade Organization (WTO), tourism is one of the top five foreign exchange earners in approximately 83% of countries and the main foreign exchange earner for at least 38% of countries globally. In most of these countries foreign exchange earnings are usually used to purchase imports and augment reserves. They generate income in the particular country and can stimulate consumer spending and investment in other sectors of the economy. Tourism provides an ideal situation where there is little need to compensate from outside because it grows the local industries and resources. It has ripple effect on the rest of the economy and any country that realizes this need to come up with innovative ways to encourage tourists to visit the country. Some tourists are turned away by stringent laws of immigration or stay and it has become the norm for most countries to deregulate the market.Tourism is an exciting and fascinating industry. The industrys contribution to the national economy is significant. The major threats to this lucrative industry are socioeconomic problems related to change magnitude level of crime rates and the depletion of resources or sites and events that attract tourists. Similarly, due to the current rise in terrorist application, it has become a major concern for the natives of the countries being toured. According to Williams (1997) crime is a common social issue which threatens the safety of the people, property, their sense of well being, and also causes entropy to the social order. curse also reduces peoples quality of life because they are not psychologically at peace and are therefore not able to work as well or as much as they potentially can.(Cracraft, 2000).In all countries of the world associated with popular destinations, crime has been a major threat to the stability of the economy. In a Newsweek research conducted by Zakaria (2002) tourism safety and security matters raised by allowing tourists in is a major headache for any government. It is evident that crime against tourists or associated with tourism is considerably high in tourist destinations. This research therefore investigates the extent to which crime has an impact in a nations security. It is of importance to analyze the impact of passing legislation that lowers the bar for tourists and whether it has become an avenue for crme and threats to national security.2.1 Impacts of airline deregulationAccording to (Fallon, 2002), nations globally have realized that liberal gentle wind agreements have significant impact tourism amongst signatory parties. Recently, there has been deregulation of airlines leading to the growth of low-cost carr iers and overcapacity in airline industry to bolster tourist numbers. Further deregulation of international air travel has seen the tourism industry grow significantly as simplified requirements to visit countries are major attraction for potential tourists. In addition, governments are encouraging movements towards agreements with country blocks or many nations rather than individual nations to create open skies in different geographic regions. The result of this is that people are able to move across borders with minimal or no paperwork.For nations to ensure the sustained growth and success of the international airline industry it has become important to adopt aviation policies which are conducive to open skies agreements. This has liberalized air travel beyond existing restraining bilateral among nations. This has a significant impact on tourism as well as other industries, as this facilitates the movement of people around the world. For example the signing of the open skies agre ement among the United States and the Philippines deregulated tourism rules. While this is a way of growing the economy, its potential effects on national security are far-reaching. The wanton and indiscriminate hosting of people without adequate paperwork carries with it the risk of encouraging criminal activates.2.2 Socio-cultural impacts of tourism deregulation on national securityAccording to (Blackford, 2002) it is a fact that tourism has a salient impact on the economy of a nation, its cultures as well as the ecosystems. Despite this it is one of the least regulated industries in globally. This has opened up destination countries further to the influx of foreign earnings and capital. This trend of deregulation favors major international hotel chains and tour operators while at the same time providing the residents of the country to earn from the resources, whether man-made or natural.Tourism has long been viewed as the reason for the spread of the global mentality. Cultures and social practices are imported as locals learn from visitors. The lack of adequate background checks on tourists, while offering an ideal protection of the visitors privacy poses a problem. The host country is exposed to the risk of allowing individuals of questionable character into the country. Interaction of these individuals with the locals might do more harm than good.The possible causes of some of the security situations include crime related incidents, terrorism, war, and political unrest or instability. The crime related security incidents may be in different forms such as theft, robbery, rape, murder, piracy and kidnapping. Local residents may commit crimes against residents, tourists against locals, tourist against other tourists, or may take other forms such as organized crimes against tourism enterprises.A specific environmental issue relates to the increased number of planes traversing the skies has led to babys room warming. Airplane contrails generate cirrus cloud s, which reflect the suns rays and warm the atmosphere (Zakaria, 2007). As this is mostly the result of new fuel-efficient aircraft, which produce less heat and a tankful mixture of exhaust air conducive to contrail formation, governments should consider the environmental impact of more commercial aircraft in the transatlantic market. This rise is directly comparative to tourist traffic because airlines will tend to increase flights to popular destinations so as to increase their turnover.2.3 Deregulation of immigration and tourism laws.It is prudent to note that this research does not in any way imply that attempts to deregulate the market are inn-informed. On the contrary, liberalizing the industry is a crucial step toward achieving the vision of a global village vision and making the world a better place. However, to deregulate without adequately researching on the effects and impacts on national security is ill-advised. It is no secret that every country has enemies or people who would want to cause harm to it. While most of these groups or individuals might not make their intentions known, the methods they use to deliver the punch are criminal at the least. The template is to exploit the weaknesses in the countrys laws and find the opportune moment to strike and send the chilling message. broad visas to all and sundry without first checking their backgrounds or requiring adequate and authentic proof of identification might be good for trade, but it is not the least conducive for the security of all affected. Tourists are not required to give detailed schedules of their stays in the countrys they visit and this is the perfect recipe for clandestine operations and activates.2.4 implication of terrorism through the guise of tourismAccording to Cracraft (1986) tourism is an activity that is sensitive and a nation will react rapidly to crime. Acts of terrorism are always a drawback to tourist destinations because it is followed by negative publicity and a h ost of travel advisories. This is because terrorism acts often indicate inadequacy of security and safety controls. Recent happenings have shown a disturbing trend where terrorists sneak into countries disguised as terrorists, leave among the locals as they plan their crimes. This worrying trend has created a situation of suspicion of people from certain places perceived to breed terrorists such as Middle East. This blanket stigmatization and the blanket security regulations that follow are saddening. The security concerns and weaknesses exposed can be pre-empted by having adequate laws that tend to pick the wheat from the chaff, instead of being left behind to sort the debris.2.5The difference amongst tourism crime and other types of crimeThe growth of tourism has always been associated with increases in the level of certain types of crime (Goliath, 2004). The growth of tourism can also be associated with modernization and development which is a source of social instability which leads to criminal behavior. In addition, tourism crimes are often highly publicized, and the subsequent media publicity is a dent on the countrys image. Another consideration is the fact that tourism growth is mostly accompanied by growth in the resident population.It is important to distinguish between criminal acts directed towards the tourists and those committed by the tourists there are many factors that make tourists attractive as targets of crime which include. While crime is primarily an embezzled attempt to earn a living, tourism crime is mostly premeditated and about more than just earning a days meal. It is about achieving a personal, social, religious or economic obligation either to oneself of to a group. As countries continue to pass laws that simplify the entry and stay of tourists without taking into depend the dynamic nature of the human being, it becomes impossible to shield against crimes related to tourists. Most of the tourists may be usually highly noticeable because of their race, clothing, speech, and even the tendency to exsert valuable items such as cameras, backpacks which attract therein criminals. It is often perceived that tourists are wealthy people and are more likely to be in possession of valuable items. Tourists are mostly accompanied by tour guides and at times they may be strangers. At times in the destination few people may be aware of their specific activity pattern.For example the murder of Meredith Kerche in Perugia, Italy has had huge media attention in the United Kingdom. In addition, issues such as drug and tourism, sex tourism as well as other related crime and social disorder among holidaymakers. The high rate of exposure of tourists as targets to criminal activity in some destinations is illustrated by the findings that have seen tourists being stolen of their belongings or property (Schollmeyer, 2003).This social defiles impact negatively on the national security because negative social behavior such as drug use and sex trade are primary causes of crime.It has also been observed that criminal activities can as well be committed by the tourists themselves, either against the locals or other tourists. Where certain forms of tourism either advance or entail criminal activities, it is the tourist who is usually seen as the lead player in initiating or engaging in some kind of illegal activity-. The most, obvious example invokes forms of tourism, such as those involving certain types of related activity, which are defined as illegal by destination authorities. While tourism activity may be not completely illegal but a strong criminal association may exist. The best example of this indirect relationship is gambling, given the involvement of organized crime cartels in casino businesses. The influx in tourists to these places might raise the economic might of criminals, emboldening them and causing a world-wide rise in the crime rate of the country. Finally, there are those tourist activities that can degenerate into criminal behavior because of the presence of alcohol, drugs, arguments or stereotypes2.6 Crime rate in countries that deregulate tourismIt is evident that there is high crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism, for example sex tourism industry has increased all over South East of Asia and Burma (Kristiansen Trion, 2005) and the crime rates in South Africa during high tourism seasons is evident. In these regions tourists are highly involved in criminal activities and are often associated with several kinds of human rights abuses, and the spread of HIV/AIDS. For example women and juveniles are often coerced to engage in the sex trade against their will. While these crimes are abetted by locals, it is the presence of tourists with ill-intentions that causes the rise.As observed earlier the impacts of crime on the destination are diverse. Some cases involve crimes related to drug use, whereby the destinations image becomes blotted resulting in significa nt decline in tourist demand. On the other hand, theft may occur at tourist destinations where the tourists are at the wrong place at the wrong time. In addition, tourists may contribute to this by engaging in illegal activates or getting involved with criminals. (Magenta , 2009, pp56).CHAPTER THREE look into METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionIn order to achieve the research objectives a multi-method approach will be adopted, by use of both qualitative and decimal data collection methods. Quantitative methods will focus on providing a broad statistical measure of the nature, extent and impact of deregulation of tourism on national security using a reasonable sample size. In depth and comprehensive qualitative selective information will be collected on the impacts of deregulation of security on national security, importation of crime through tourism, comparison between tourism crime and other types of crime.The research will implement questionnaires to collect data from the respondents a s one of the data collection digs. Interviews schedules will also be applied to interview the randomly selected sample population.This chapter presents a interpretation of the procedures and methods that the researcher will use in order to obtain the required data needed for the study. It comprises of research design, data collection instruments, the target population, the sampling strategy, and data analysis methods.3.2 Research designThe researcher will employ quantitative research method. The quantitative research design to be used will be a causal comparative design. The causal comparative design will allow the researcher to collect one or more information from one participant.A casual comparative research allows researcher to investigate the possibility of a causal relationship among variables that cannot be manipulated. This research design will be used to establish the factors that influence employee training.3.3 Target populationThe target population will involve the immig ration departments, tourists and locals of the target country.3.4 Sampling strategySimple random sampling techniques will be the data collection methods from the various departments. The employees will be randomly selected from each department to yield the total sample population. nonrandom sampling will be used to select employees who are trained. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique that allows a researcher to use cases that have the required information with respect to the objectives of the study.3.5 Data collection tools and instruments.The researcher intends to use questionnaires in this study. This is to provide high accuracy and validity of the study. The questionnaire is a convenient tool especially where there are a large number of subjects to be handled. The questionnaire facilitates easy and quick derivation of information within a short time. The information obtained will enable to investigate the impacts of deregulation of tourism on the national security.3.6.1. T -testT-test will be used to test whether there are significant differences between two mean derived from the samples of groups at a specified probability level.3.6.2 Chi-squareChi-square is a statistical technique which attempts to establish the relationship between two variables both of which are categorical in nature. The technique compares the proportion observed in each category with what would be expected under the assumptions of independence between the two variables.CHAPTER quadDISSECTION4.1 Data analysisThe researcher will establish whether all questionnaires are all completed. Data collected from open ended and closed questions will be coded for analysis purpose.Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in data analysis. The data will be analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).The descriptive statistics which will be used in analysis includes means, frequencies, percentages and standard deviation.The inferential statistics that will be used in data analysis will be chi-square and T-test for independent samples.4.2 Expected resultsIt is expected that this research will yield results that show an upsurge in crime levels in countries that have liberalized tourism industry. In some countries with more stringent practices and therefore less tourism traffic, it is obvious that the crimes related with tourism will be less. This is a wake-up call to all legislators to take necessary precaution when passing laws that deregulate the market and give the players a free-hand to do what they want. National security should take priority over economic gain.

Fern Hill: Literary Analysis

Fern Hill Literary Analysis sentence is a wear thin thing, further it is also a beautiful thing. It also slow, yet fast and moments and experiences some sequences are severely lacking in appreciation because of an inattentive and con eye. All of the aforementioned are the hallmarks of juvenility, children and adolescents a wish well lean more to living in the present, not appreciating life as a whole. When this fact lets to light, it is often in addition late and all there is left to do is to reminisce and regret, miss and yearn for the days of yore. Unfortunately, this is what middle and old eld frequently is. These topics are explored greatly in Fern Hill, it is filled with metaphors and biblical allusions, and the numbers itself bears a striking resemblance to life itself.In the first of all stanza, the setting of Fern Hill is established and since it is the beginning of the poetry it mirrors the beginning of life youth. like a shot as I was juvenility and easy under the apple boughs / About the lilting house and riant as the foraging was green / The night above the dingle starry, Here, the tone is a earlier happy and carefree tone, not unlike the majority of the poem. Alliteration is apply rather well here, it gives the poem a rhythm and a sense of movement, and this echoes the progression of life. The house is personified as if it is singing, giving the speakers youth a merry feeling, he/she is happy and like the grass, he/she is cool off young and full of life. It is only the beginning. The word order is a bit odd for the third line, normally, it would be The starry night above the dingle, entirely here, the words are switched. This is used to give more rhythm to the line, it further contributes to the building motion of the poem.The next few lines continue to be joyful and happy, it personifies duration as a being, God perhaps. Time let me hail and climb / Golden in the heydays of his eyes, / And honoured among wagons I was prince o f the apple town In the first line, its as though Time is letting the young one be young and enjoy its youth, not out of obligation or what not, but out of kindness and compassion. Time understands that time is limited and that youthfulness doesnt last forever. This is further supported by the third line in which it is personified and is referred to as a he. Another possible reference to God, as God is kind and merciful Time is here as well. Not only that, but Time seems to be also watching the young one, letting him be free and young. The youth is so great, that the speaker plain refers to himself as a prince. It doesnt come off as callousness or as pride, just a genuine belief that he was mighty and herculean in the heydays of his youth.The youth is so great, that the speaker even refers to himself as a prince. It doesnt come off as callousness or as pride, just a genuine belief that he was mighty and ruling in the heydays of his youth. And at one time below a time I lordly ha d the trees and leaves / Trail with daises and barley / Down the rivers of the windfall light The word and gets repeated in two ways in the span of two lines, repetition is a key theme of Fern Hill and it is not only in its content. Time is like a sequence, and and achieves this interchangeable effect as it piles one line with the other. vowel rhyme is present with the words trees, leaves, daises, and barley. It has a rather nice sound, and when say aloud has a typical flow. Not unlike the flow of time itself perhaps.The second stanza is overall, structurally similar to the first. As with the first stanza, there nine lines in the second stanza, this is not single(a) to the first two stanza. The whole poem is composed of sixer stanzas each containing nine lines. These numbers are not just arbitrarily in the poem for the sake of being in the poem, it is yet another biblical allusion. This itemally being the Book of Genesis from the Bible. The world was created by God in six da ys, the seventh used for rest. This is not the only allusion to Genesis as there is another one further in the poem, the Farm could be like the t remove of enlightenment to the Speaker. Not only is it similar in structure, but in its content as well. And I was green and carefree, famous among the barns / About the happy yard and singing as the get up was home, / In the sun that is young once only, Just as the grass was green before, the speaker is also green, he is young. Assonance is present once again, being carefree, as aforementioned is one the many hallmarks of youth. The speaker could not give a care in the world, for he is young. However, he k todays that youth only comes once, and that it doesnt last forever, this fore natess the later parts of the poem. But, for right off, just as the poem remains happy, he too is happy on the farm.Once more, time is personified and is being portrayed as kind and merciful. This reinforces the allusion to God, God is watching the young o ne and letting him be. Time let me play and be / Golden in the mercy of his means, / And green and golden I was huntsman and herdsman, the calves The words green and golden keep getting repeated again and again, and alliteration keeps getting used again and again, the speaker is young and prosperous, this is being reinforced so much because once youth is gone, it is gone for right-hand(a). The speakersis remaining in the past for this yen because thats how good his youth is. He is only this prosperous because of Time or God, he knows he is at the mercy of him, Time is benevolent, but regardless he is still at Times very whim, just as every human is.The allusion to the Bible is no foresightfuler as tough as before, not that it was that subtle to begin with, but now it is ever more blatant. Sang to my horn, the foxes on the hills barked clear and cold, / And the Sabbath rang slowly / In the pebbles of the sacred streams. The speaker was in power because of his youth perhaps, se eing as though the foxes barked at the sound of his horn singing. An alliteration is used again to portray the foxes clear bark without much emotion. This is signaling the end of youth, it is slow, but the end is near. The Sabbath is day of rest, just as God was resting on the seventh day of insane asylum, so too will the speaker, but instead of creation he will be resting in old age. The streams near the farm seem to be sacred, again, with the Biblical allusion.The third stanza marks a raise up in tone, in content and in structure. It is significantly different than the first two stanzas like the parallel between youthfulness and old age. All the sun long it was running, it was lovely, the hay / Fields high as the house, the tunes from the chimneys, it was air / And playing, lovely and watery The day keeps on going, however, the descriptions are beginning to be not as specific as the ones from the first stanza, they are also beginning to be dreamlike, lucid almost. Fields as hig h as the house, music coming from the chimney, all rum descriptions. When they are referred to as air, this comes across as a metaphor for life, fluidity and tranquility such is youth. The speaker remembers the youth well, quite fondly in fact.Now comes the transition from day into night, youth into old age. The descriptions become even stranger. And fire green as grass. / And nightly under the simple stars / As I rode to catnap the owls were bearing the night away, Green fire is unheard of, unnatural, but strangely enough, it is natural because is starting to drift into sleep, into old age. Instead of the natural process of time passing through sleep, the owls seem to carry the night away instead. All very surreal.Now comes the climax of the surreal, of the dream. Very unnatural thing, the night is coming to a close, just as the wake is coming. All the moon long I heard blessed among stables, the nightjars / Flying with the ricks, and the horses / Flashing into the dark. Instead of all day long in the beginning of the stanza, it is now the opposite, all night long. The stables are blessed, are personified and seem to be alive. The ricks, which are stacks of hay, are flying with nightjars insects. The night is finishing soon, as well as this dream. And the horses just vanish into thin air, becoming part of the night, with this, night draws to a close, and day begins anew a cycle of some sorts.Now the Biblical allusions come into full swing and are no longer just allusion but are direct references, the religious overtones are present throughout the poem. And then to awake, and the farm, like a wanderer white / With the dew, come back, the cock on his shoulder it was all / Singing, it was Adam and maiden, Day has come once more, the farm is once again personified, however, this time the farm may be the Nazarene. Jesus was known to wear white, white represents holiness, goodness, purity and all things sacred. But Jesus is mostly known to be a wanderer, spread ing the word of God. The speaker loves the farm so much, that it is sacred and holy. Here is the good part, Adam and Eve come into the picture, the feeling that the farm is the Garden of Eden is ever so more blatant. Just as Adam and Eve were cast out of the Garden of Eden following the act of committing the original sin, so too will the speaker be cast out of his farm, his Garden of Eden youth. Albeit, not for any wrongdoing, but because of the natural process.But wait, there is more The sky gathered again / And the sun grew round that very day. /So it must have been after the have got of the simple light / The Genesis references do not end there, in the first line, it says that the sky gathered again. It just so happens that in the Book of Genesis, there is also a similar phrase And God said, Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry earth appear. (Book of Genesis 1) The creation of the Universe is being mirrored by the return of day, old age. The sun gre w round once more, just as when God said let there be light. Creation, Adam and Eve, and the Book of Genesis are all symbols for the cycle of life in this poem and life itself.That is not all, now the animals that God created unto Eden are being referenced. In the first, spinning place, the spellbound horses walking warm / Out of the whinnying green stable / On to the fields of praise. The first spinning place is a reference to Earth, a planet that so happens to spin, it also happens to be the first one. The horses are attracted to, or rather mystified by the farm, and are coming out of the whinnying green stable. The horses are not just horses, but all the animals of Gods creation out of his own hand. The fields of praise, are manifestly a substitute for Eden. However, the fields of praise is also the farm itself, in the beginning of the poem, the farm is the subject of praise, now, and the farm is now praise itself. Such is Gods holy creation.The end is nigh, literally and figur atively. The first line of this stanza is a callback to one of the lines from the very first stanza. And honoured among foxes and pheasants by the gay house / Under the new make clouds and happy as the heart was long, / In the sun born over and over, Instead of being honoured by wagons and material things part of the physical realm, the speaker is now honoured among animals of the House of God. The house is personified, giving the house joy, such is the House of God. Creation is recent as the clouds are newly made, old age is here, but ecstasy remains in the heart. With the sun being born over and over again, eternal is too God and his kingdom.However, not all is well. With old age, comes regret and reminiscing. I ran my heedless ways, / My wishes raced through the house high hay / nothing I cared, at my sky blue trades, that time allows Because of the joys of youth, and the freedom that comes with it, heedlessness is also alas part of youth as well. The speaker is starting to reg ret living life at such a fast pace and is noting that he is careless. Time only allows so much, and the time has come for the end.Time/ God is seemingly leading children into his grace through song, again, green and golden are repeated here. In all his tuneful turning so few and such good morning songs / Before the children green and golden / Follow him out of grace. The children symbolize the speakers youth, or perhaps humanitys youth as a whole. It is now time for golden years to draw to a close.Regret is still present, and is even more powerful than before. Youth is gone and old age is here to stay. Nothing I cared, in the lamb white days, that time would take me / Up to the swallow crowd loft by the shadow of my hand, / In the moon that is always rising, The sentiment of regret from before is repeated, the swallows, the loft and the hand shadow represents the speakers life, how time is carrying the speaker, but the speakers shadow is present and is ever present, looming even. Just as the sun represented youth and how it is short and temporary, the eternal rising of the moon represents old age and how old age will last much longer than youth.Even though if the speaker is sleeping, which he is not, he will hear his farm being taken way, his very youth being taken away. Nor that riding to sleep / I should hear him fly with the high fields / And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. The farm is still here, but it is not the same as before. It is childless, that is, without youth, it is here no longer, forever. The alliteration gives the line a swift and quick motion of this, almost as though a picture is being created. Similar to the old saying regarding youth and old age.Happy, that is what the poems tone is in the beginning. However, there is now dramatic shift in tone, it is now melancholic and regretful. The speaker is no longer swift and free-spirted, he is now chained to sadness and old age. Oh as I was young and easy in the mercy of h is means, / Time held me green and dying / Though I sang in my chains like the sea. The second line reflects life, like a newborn baby, even though it is alive, it also dying at the same time. The clock of death starts ticking the very moment the heart starts beating. juiceless and cruel, but that is life.

Global Plan to Eliminate New HIV Infections

planetary Plan to Eliminate New human immunodeficiency virus InfectionsAbstractThe study tasked the progress of 20 anteriority sub-Saharan African countries in the attainment of the coffin nails outlined in the globose Plan for the Elimination of New HIV Infections among Children by 2015 and Keeping their contracts bouncy.The 2012 progress reports of the countries were extracted from the UN back up online selective informationbase. The global and Prong 1, 3, and 4 targets were analysed with respect to the May 2013 targets and milest ones. The 2009 to 2012 and the 2005 to 2010 mid point estimates were analysed respectively for global target 1 Reduce number of impudently contagious diseases among children by 90% and global target 2- Reduce AIDS-related deaths during pregnancy or in spite of appearance 42 days of the end of pregnancy by 50%. Estimates were calculated utilize Spectrum version 4.6 and Wilcoxon ranked test was used for selective information analysis.Between 2 009 and 2012, in that location was 38% total reduction in global target 1 while between2005 to 2012 there was 25% total reduction in global target 2 for the 20 antecedency countries. Ghana and South Africa save the most significant reduction for global target 1 with 72% and 63% respectively while Nigeria, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic and Lesotho recorded less than 20% reduction. Only Botswana and Ethiopia recorded over 50% reduction in global target 2. in that respect has been significant progress however the global milestones produce not been attained. More confinement is required in Nigeria, Congo Democratic Republic and Angola and sustained momentum in other priority countries to achieve the Global Plan goals and milestones.HIV infection remains one of the major cause of death in children and their mothers in Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries 1,2,3. Transmission of HIV infection from mothers to their unborn children and infants is more often than not during pregnanc y, labour and post natally during breastfeeding period. 4,5. There has been gradual reduction in new HIV infections among children of HIV infected mothers since the commencement of forestallion of mother to child contagious disease broadcast (PMTCT) but as at 2009, a staggering 370,000 children were recorded to have became newly infected with HIV worldwide and an estimated 42,000 60,000 with child(predicate) women also died due(p) to HIV infection and its complications. 6,7.Over 90% of the countries responsible for this mellowed burden of HIV infection and high mother to child transmission (MTCT) rates are rigid in SSA. India, which is set in Asia is another country which also contribute significantly to this burden. These countries account for the bulk of the HIV infected women requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART) in order to prevent MTCT. They also account for over 90% of the paediatric HIV infected children who need ART 7.The case of MTCT presents a big disparity glob ally with high income countries recording almost zero new HIV infections among children and maternal and infant mortalities due to HIV infection. However most of the low and middle countries especially those located in SSA record new infections because the number of women accessing HIV prevention and treatment services is considerably very low. The same situation applies to their children and this exposes them to new infections and death 7.The achiever recorded in reducing MTCT to almost zero and keeping their mothers alive is possible globally. However, this can solely be a reality if all knobbed provide ensure that all pregnant women animate with HIV and their children have easy access to antiretroviral drugs and other necessary care as indicated during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. These measures will go a long way in preventing new infections among the children and take care of the wellness of the mothers as well. Provision and appropriate usage of ARVs as prophyla xis has been prove to reduce HIV MTCT to less than 5% 9. Other measures that targets HIV infection prevention among women at change magnitude risk of exposure of HIV and the unmet family planning needs of women living with HIV will contribute significantly to reduction for subsequent antiretroviral prophylaxis and treatment need 12.In May 2009, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) made a call for the virtual elimination of MTCT globally. This call was supported by many other multilateral and bilateral agencies, regional coordinating bodies, bailiwick governments and their HIV/AIDS control agencies . In furtherance of this noble course, the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2010 published new guidelines which included the best accessible scientific and programmatic tools to accelerate the reduction of MTCT and achieve the virtual elimination of MTCT. These guidelines also included advice for safer infant feeding. 6,7The call for the virtual elimination of new paediatric HIV infection led to the launching of an initiative kn declare as Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections among Children by 2015 and Keeping their Mothers Alive in July 2011 at the United Nations General Assembly High Level Meeting on AIDS. The Global Plan was developed through a consultative puzzle out by a Global Task Team convened by UNAIDS. The Global Task Team included experts and policy makers from 25 countries and 30 civil corporation organisations, private sector, networks of people living with HIV and inter depicted object organisations. This plan was designed to provide the foundation for country-led movement towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive.The Global Plan covers all low- and middle-income countries, but with a particular focus on the 22 countries with the highest estimated numbers of pregnant women living with HIV. These countries are Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Ct e dIvoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. These countries were selected based on the fact that they account for nearly 90% of pregnant women living with HIV in need of services. These countries also need exceptional efforts to achieve this goal. The Global Plan also supports and reinforces the development of country-driven HIV national plans 7.The Global Plan focuses on arriver pregnant women living with HIV and their children prior to pregnancy, through the time of pregnancy until stoppage of breastfeeding. The HIV prevention and treatment needs of mothers and children will be met within the existing comprehensive HIV care programmes.The implementation framework for the Global Plan is based on two global targets and broader four-pronged strategy. The strategy provides the foundation for national plans development and im plementation. It encompasses ranges of HIV prevention and treatment indicators for mothers and their children, essential maternal, newborn and child health services and family planning, and as a crucial aspect of efforts to achieve millenary Development Goals 4, 5 and 6 10,11.Global arse 1 Reduce the number of new HIV infections among children by 90% .Global Target 2 Reduce the number of AIDS-related maternal deaths by 50%.Prong 1 Prevention of HIV among women of reproductive age within services related to reproductive health such as antenatal care, postpartum and postnatal care and other health and HIV service delivery points.Target Reduce HIV incidence in women 15-49 by 50%.Prong 2 Providing appropriate counselling and support, and contraceptives, to women living with HIV to meet their unmet needs for family planning and spacing of births, and to optimize health outcomes for these women and their children.Target Reduce unmet need for family planning to zero (Millennium Developmen t Goal).Prong 3 For pregnant women living with HIV, ensure HIV testing and counselling and access to the antiretroviral drugs needed to prevent HIV infection from being passed on to their babies during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding 9.Target Reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV to 5%.90% of mothers receive perinatal antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis.90% of breastfeeding infant-mother pairs receive antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis.Prong 4 HIV care, treatment and support for women, children living with HIV and their families.Target Provide 90% of pregnant women in need of antiretroviral therapy for their own health with life-long antiretroviral therapy.By the end of 2015, the estimated number of new HIV infections in children is expected to have been reduced by at least 85% in each of the 22 priority countries, the estimated number of HIV-associated pregnancy-related deaths reduced by 50% and all countries will have met the targets for elimination of new HIV inf ections among children and keeping their mothers alive. There is however need to measure the progress made by these countries and to address gaps and challenges identified.This study aimed to assess the progress made by twenty of the priority countries involved in the Global Plan in sub Saharan Africa. This is coming two years after the formal launching of the Global Plan with the countries making commitment towards the elimination of new HIV infections in children and keeping their mothers alive.This study looked at the progress made so far in meeting nighwhat of the targets and milestones set to be met by May 2013.We searched the UNAIDS online database of the 2012 progress reports submitted by the priority countries. The 2009 2012 mid point estimates were analysed for 20 of the sub- Saharan African Global Plan priority countries. The estimates were calculated using Spectrum version 4.6. The Spectrum files were developed by country teams and compiled by UNAIDS in 2013. However, the estimates from AIDS related deaths during pregnancy or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy was from 2005 to 2010 8.Only 20 of the Global Plan priority countries data were analysed due to non approachability of country specific data for Uganda and India. .In order assess the progress made, the global targets and Prong 1, 3, and 4 targets were quantitatively analysed with respect to the May 2013 targets and milestones.Some of the global and country targets and milestones assessed were The estimated number of new HIV infections in children is reduced by 50% from 2010 levels in at least 10 high-burden countries. (Country target and milestone).The estimated number of new HIV infections in children is reduced by 50%. (Global target and milestone).The data was analysed using statistical package Stata version 12.1.Overall TargetsBetween 2009 and 2012, the number of new infections among children in the 20 Global Plan priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa countries with country-s pecific data was estimated to have reduced from 315570 to 197170. ( Wilcoxon ranked test P = 0.0001 circumvent 1 and 5). The total reduction in the estimated number of new HIV infections among children was 38% from 2009 levels in the high-burden countries.AIDS-related deaths during pregnancy or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy among the 20 Global Plan priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa countries with country-specific data reduced from 36000 in 2005 to 29030 in 2010.Prong 1 TargetThe new HIV infections among women 1549 years old among the 20 Global Plan priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa countries with country-specific data reduced from 687900 in 2009 to 606000 in 2012 (Wilcoxon ranked test P = 0.0001 Table 2 and 5 ).Prong 3 TargetsThe final Mother to Child Transmission rate (%) among the 20 priority countries with country-specific data reduced from 27% in 2009 to 19% in 2012 (Wilcoxon ranked test P = 0.0001 Table 3 and 5 ).The voice of women receiving antiretrovi ral medicines (excluding single-dose nevirapine) to prevent MTCT increased from 34% in 2009 to 63% in 2012 (Wilcoxon ranked test P = 0.0001 Table 3 and 5).The percentage of women or infants receiving antiretroviral medicines during breastfeeding to prevent MTCT increased from 11% in 2009 to 43% in 2012 (Wilcoxon ranked test P = 0.0001 Table 3 and 5).Prong 4 TargetsThe percentage of antiretroviral therapy coverage among children 014 years old increased appreciably from 22% to 35% in all the Global Plan priority countriesIn SSA,the percentage of pregnant women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy for their own health increased from 23% in 2009 to 57% in 2012 (Wilcoxon ranked test P = 0.0001 Table 4 and 5). 2 countries namely Ghana and South Africa have done tremendously well in achieving the highest reduction in the numbers of new HIV infections among children from 2009 to 2012 with 72% and 63% reduction respectively 8. Others manage Botswana, Malawi, Ethiopia, Zambia an d Namibia had also achieved remarkable reduction with Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique and Tanzania almost reaching the 50% reduction.Angola, Nigeria, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic and Lesotho are still dawdle behind in the aspect of reduction of new infection in children. The case of Nigeria is really a concern considering the fact that she has the highest number and about one third of all new paediatric infection in sub Saharan Africa. Angola is also a case for concern, there has been increase in new infections rather than reduction since 2009.Furthermore , there has been reduction in the AIDS-related deaths during pregnancy or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy from 2005 to 2010, although with some exceptions like Mozambique and South Africa. There has been some reduction in new HIV infections among women 1549 years old in the priority countries but with some exceptions such as Angola, Cameroun, Chad, Cote DIvoire, Mozambique, Namibia and Zimbabwe.There was reduction in the fin al Mother to Child Transmission rate with Botswana and South Africa leading the pack. These two countries have already reached the 5% target for the reduction in transmission rate 8. More women are now able to access antiretroviral medicines and thereby reducing the risk of new HIV transmission to their children compared to 2009. Four countries had already surpassed the 90% target for the increase in percentage of women receiving antiretroviral medicines (excluding single-dose nevirapine) to prevent MTCT, however, Angola, Chad, Nigeria and Congo DR did poorly in this res publica of maternal antiretroviral coverage. The increase in the percentage of women or infants receiving antiretroviral medicines during breastfeeding to prevent MTCT among the priority countries is a commendable step because some of the countries do not have this programme in place as of 2009. There was a significant increase in antiretroviral therapy coverage for pregnant women living with HIV in the priority cou ntries. Botwsana and Namibia had achieved preceding(prenominal) 90% antiretroviral therapy coverage for pregnant women living with HIV . These increased coverage levels of antiretroviral medicines is expected to translate into lower mother-to-child transmission rates.Over the years, there has been an increase in the number of children who are on antiretroviral therapy but this increase is still not the desired expectation with two third of eligible children been denied the needed medication in most of the priority countries. It is noteworthy that Botswana was already having above 95% paediatric antiretroviral coverage as at 2009.A major limitation of this study is the non availability of Uganda and India country specific data . Another challenge was in measuring the progress of the initiative because most of the priority countries do not have a direct measurement of the number of new HIV infections among children 8.There has been a significant progress among most of the sub Sahara n African priority countries in the stamp to eliminate new HIV infections in children as seen by the reduction in the percentage of final mother to child transmission of HIV.The success base so far include reduced number of children newly acquiring HIV infection, improved and increased access to HIV treatment for eligible women and their children, increased coverage of antiretroviral medicines for pregnant women living with HIV to prevent mother-to-child transmission from and reduction in AIDS-related deaths during pregnancy or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy.However, only seven countries has been able to achieve the 50% reduction in estimated number of new HIV infections among children thereby falling short of the expected ten countries target by May 2012 7. Also the number of new HIV infections in the countries declined by only 38% against the target of 50%. More effort is needed in certain countries like Nigeria, Congo Democratic Republic and Angola and sustained momentu m in other priority countries in order to achieve the Global Plan goals.